Director General of the ASI: R.E.M. Wheeler

R.E.M. Wheeler was the Director General of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) from 1944 to 1948. He brought a military precision to the practice of archaeology during his tenure.

Wheeler's Contributions:

1. Introduction of Scientific Methods: Wheeler introduced scientific methods to archaeological excavations conducted by the ASI. He emphasized the importance of stratigraphy and introduced the concept of a grid system for excavations.

2. Classification of Periods: Wheeler classified Indian history into four periods - the Prehistoric, Protohistoric, Historic, and Medieval periods. This classification helped in understanding the chronology and cultural evolution of India.

3. Discovery of Harappa: Wheeler is credited with the discovery of Harappa, one of the major sites of the Indus Valley Civilization. He led the excavation at Harappa and uncovered important artifacts and structures, which helped in understanding the civilization.

4. Preservation of Monuments: Wheeler emphasized the importance of preserving historical monuments and helped in the conservation of many important sites such as the Ajanta and Ellora caves, and the Sun Temple at Konark.

5. Publications: Wheeler was a prolific writer and his publications include "The Indus Civilization", "The Archaeology of the Delhi Sultanate", and "The Sarasvati Flows On".

Conclusion:

R.E.M. Wheeler was a prominent archaeologist and his contributions to the practice of archaeology in India were significant. His emphasis on scientific methods and preservation of historical monuments helped in the development of archaeology as a discipline in India.