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What was the term proposed by Werner for the number of groups bound directly to the metal ion in a coordination complex?
  • a)
    Primary valence
  • b)
    Secondary valence
  • c)
    Oxidation number
  • d)
    Polyhedra
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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What was the term proposed by Werner for the number of groups bound di...
Primary valence of a metal ion is also known as its oxidation number. The secondary valence is equal to coordination number and it is fixed for a metal. Coordination polyhedra is the term for the spatial arrangements of the groups/ions around the metal.
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What was the term proposed by Werner for the number of groups bound di...
Primary Valence and Secondary Valence

Werner's theory of coordination compounds revolutionized the understanding of complex compounds and their behavior. One of the key concepts proposed by Werner was the idea of primary and secondary valence.

1. Primary Valence:
- The primary valence refers to the total number of ligands directly bound to the central metal ion through coordinate covalent bonds.
- It represents the oxidation state or charge of the metal ion.
- It determines the overall charge of the complex and its stability.
- The primary valence is often determined by the periodic table group number of the metal ion.

2. Secondary Valence:
- The secondary valence, also known as coordination number, refers to the number of groups directly bound to the metal ion in a coordination complex.
- It represents the number of bonds formed by the ligands with the central metal ion.
- The coordination number can vary depending on the metal ion and the ligands involved.
- The coordination number can range from 2 to 12, with common coordination numbers being 4, 6, and 8.
- The coordination number is determined by the electron pair accepting capacity of the metal ion and the electron donor capacity of the ligands.

Proposal of Secondary Valence as the Correct Term:
- Werner proposed the term "secondary valence" to describe the number of groups directly bound to the metal ion in a coordination complex.
- This term is more appropriate because it focuses on the bonding between the metal ion and the ligands.
- It helps to distinguish between the primary valence, which represents the overall charge of the complex, and the secondary valence, which represents the coordination number or the number of bonds formed by the ligands.
- The secondary valence concept is widely used in coordination chemistry to describe the geometry and stability of coordination complexes.

In summary, Werner proposed the term "secondary valence" to describe the number of groups directly bound to the metal ion in a coordination complex. This term focuses on the bonding between the metal ion and the ligands and helps to distinguish it from the primary valence, which represents the overall charge of the complex. The concept of secondary valence is widely used in coordination chemistry to describe the geometry and stability of coordination complexes.
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Read the following text and answer the following questions on the basis of the same: Spark coil The principle of electromagnetic induction was discovered by Michael Faraday in 1831. Induction coils were used widely in electrical experiments and for medical therapy during the last half of the 19th century, eventually leading to the development of radio in the 1890's. The spark coil designed on the principle of electromagnetic induction was the heart of the earliest radio transmitters. Marconi used a spark coil designed by Heinrich Rhumkorff in his early experiments. An induction coil or "spark coil" is a type of electrical transformer used to produce high-voltage pulses from a low-voltage (DC) supply. To create the flux changes necessary to induce voltage in the secondary coil, the direct current in the primary coil is repeatedly interrupted by a vibrating mechanical contact called interrupter.The spark scoil consists of two coils of insulated wire wound around a common iron core. One coil, called the primary coil, is made from relatively few (tens or hundreds) turns of coarse wire. The other coil, the secondary coil typically consists of up to a million turns of fine wire (up to 40 gaug e). An electric current is passed through the primary, creating a magnetic field. Because of the common core, most of the primary's flux couples with the secondary. When the primary current is suddenly interrupted, the magnetic field rapidly collapses. This causes a high voltage pulse to be developed across the secondary terminals due to electromagnetic induction. Because of the large number of turns in the secondary coil, the secondary voltage pulse is typically many thousands of volts. This voltage is sufficient to create an electric spark, to jump across an air gap separating the secondary's output terminals. For this reason, this induction coils are also called spark coils. To operate the coil continually, the DC supply current must be repeatedly connected and disconnected. To do that, a magnetically activated vibrating arm called an interrupter is used which rapidly connects and breaks the current flowing into the primary coil. The interrupter is mounted on the end of the coil next to the iron core. When the power is turned on, the produced magnetic field attracts the armature. When the armature has moved far enough, contacts in the primary circuit breaks and disconnects the primary current. Disconnecting the current causes the magnetic field to collapse and create the spark. A short time later the contacts reconnect, and the process repeats. An arc which may form at the interrupter contacts is undesirable. To prevent this, a capacitor of 0.5 to 15 μF is connected across the primary coil.Why most of the primary's flux couples with the secondary in spark coil?

What was the term proposed by Werner for the number of groups bound directly to the metal ion in a coordination complex?a)Primary valenceb)Secondary valencec)Oxidation numberd)PolyhedraCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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