Monohybrid

Monohybrid refers to the inheritance of a single trait governed by two different alleles in a plant. In genetics, an allele is an alternative form of a gene that occupies the same position (locus) on a chromosome. Each individual inherits two alleles for a particular trait, one from each parent.

Explanation:
To understand the concept of monohybrid, let's consider an example of flower color in pea plants. Pea plants can have either purple flowers (dominant trait) or white flowers (recessive trait). In this case, the allele for purple flowers is represented by P, and the allele for white flowers is represented by p.

When a pea plant inherits two identical alleles (PP or pp) for flower color, it is referred to as a purebred or homozygous individual. For instance, a pea plant with two purple flower alleles (PP) will always produce purple flowers, while a plant with two white flower alleles (pp) will always produce white flowers.

However, when a pea plant inherits two different alleles (Pp) for flower color, it is referred to as a hybrid or heterozygous individual. In this case, the dominant allele (P) will determine the visible trait, resulting in purple flowers, while the recessive allele (p) will be masked or hidden.

Conclusion:
Therefore, a plant that exhibits two alleles for only one trait is called a monohybrid. It involves the inheritance of a single trait governed by two different alleles, resulting in either a purebred (homozygous) or hybrid (heterozygous) individual. Monohybrid crosses are an essential part of classical genetics and help in understanding inheritance patterns and predicting the probabilities of specific trait combinations in offspring.