Vasectomy is a surgical procedure that serves as a permanent method of male sterilization. It involves cutting or blocking the vas deferens, the tubes that carry sperm from the testicles to the urethra. This procedure prevents sperm from reaching the semen that is ejaculated during sexual intercourse, effectively eliminating the chances of pregnancy.



1. Preparation:
- The patient is positioned on an examination table, usually lying down with their genitals exposed.
- The area around the scrotum is cleaned and sterilized to prevent infection.

2. Anesthesia:
- Local anesthesia is administered to numb the area around the scrotum.
- In some cases, the patient may be given a sedative to help them relax during the procedure.

3. Incision or puncture:
- The surgeon makes a small incision or puncture in the scrotum to access the vas deferens.
- In the "no-scalpel" technique, a special instrument is used to create a small hole instead of an incision.

4. Isolation of vas deferens:
- The surgeon locates the vas deferens on each side of the scrotum.
- The vas deferens is gently pulled through the incision or hole.

5. Blocking or cutting the vas deferens:
- The surgeon either cuts a small section out of the vas deferens or blocks it by sealing it with clips, cauterization (heat), or sutures.
- The ends of the vas deferens are then either sealed or tied off to prevent sperm from passing through.

6. Returning the vas deferens:
- The vas deferens is carefully placed back into the scrotum.
- The incision or puncture site may be closed with dissolvable stitches or left to heal on its own.

7. Recovery:
- The patient is typically able to go home the same day after a brief observation period.
- Pain medication and instructions for post-operative care are provided.
- It usually takes a few days to recover, during which activities that may strain the scrotum, such as heavy lifting or vigorous exercise, should be avoided.

8. Follow-up:
- A follow-up appointment is scheduled to ensure the success of the vasectomy.
- The patient is advised to use an alternative form of contraception until a confirmatory test confirms the absence of sperm in the ejaculate.

Vasectomy is considered a safe and effective method of contraception, with a low risk of complications. It does not affect sexual function or libido but should be regarded as a permanent decision, as reversal procedures are complex and not always successful.