WhWhich of the following is significance of dominancea)Organisms with dominant genes are more vitalb)Harmful mutations are not expressed due to dominant genec)Heterosis is due to dominant gened)All the aboveCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

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Answer

Significance of Dominance:

Understanding the significance of dominance in genetics is crucial as it plays a key role in determining the expression of traits in organisms.

Harmful Mutations:
- One of the significant aspects of dominance is that harmful mutations are not expressed due to dominant genes.
- When an organism inherits a dominant allele from one parent, it will mask the effects of any harmful recessive alleles inherited from the other parent.
- This ensures that detrimental traits or disorders associated with recessive alleles are not expressed in the phenotype of the organism.

Preventing Expression of Harmful Traits:
- Dominant genes act as a protective mechanism by preventing the expression of harmful traits, thereby maintaining the overall health and fitness of organisms.
- This mechanism helps in preserving the functionality and viability of the organism by suppressing the effects of deleterious mutations.

Genetic Diversity and Heterosis:
- Dominance also plays a role in genetic diversity and heterosis, which refers to the phenomenon where hybrids exhibit traits that are superior to both parents.
- Heterosis is often attributed to the interaction of dominant alleles from different parents, leading to increased vigor, productivity, and resilience in the offspring.
- Dominant alleles contribute significantly to the expression of desirable traits in hybrids, promoting genetic variability and enhancing the overall adaptability of populations.

In conclusion, the significance of dominance lies in its ability to prevent the expression of harmful mutations, maintain genetic diversity, and contribute to the phenomenon of heterosis, ultimately shaping the genetic makeup and traits of organisms.

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