Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns. These shifts may be natural, but since the 1800s, human activities have been the main driver of climate change, primarily due to the burning of fossil fuels (like coal, oil, and gas), which produces heat-trapping gases.

Global Warming:
Global warming refers to the long-term increase in Earth's average surface temperature due to human activities. This phenomenon is primarily caused by the release of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, which trap heat and lead to the warming of the planet.

Causes of Global Warming:
- Burning of fossil fuels: The combustion of coal, oil, and natural gas for energy production releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
- Deforestation: Trees absorb carbon dioxide, so cutting down forests reduces their ability to remove greenhouse gases from the air.
- Industrial processes: Manufacturing activities also contribute to global warming by releasing greenhouse gases.

Effects of Global Warming:
- Rising sea levels: As polar ice caps melt, sea levels rise and threaten coastal communities.
- Extreme weather events: Global warming can lead to more frequent and severe storms, heatwaves, and droughts.
- Impact on ecosystems: Changes in temperature and precipitation patterns can disrupt ecosystems and threaten biodiversity.
- Health risks: Rising temperatures can worsen air quality, increase the spread of diseases, and impact food production.

Preventing Global Warming:
- Reduce carbon emissions: Switch to renewable energy sources, use energy-efficient appliances, and support policies that limit greenhouse gas emissions.
- Plant trees: Trees absorb carbon dioxide and can help offset emissions from human activities.
- Raise awareness: Educate others about the causes and consequences of global warming to encourage collective action.