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Directions: These questions are based on the given passage below.
Deliberative democracy demands a reflexive (or reflection driven) reordering of preferences in a non-coercive manner. The authenticity of democracy requires in addition that these reflective preferences influence collective outcomes and action, and so long as the state is the main (though far from exclusive) locus of collective decisions it requires discursive mechanisms for transmission of public opinion to the state. A deliberative or more properly a discursive democracy, in order that it can accommodate several competing versions of democracies such as the liberal. The minimal, the difference, etc must also accommodate rhetoric. narratives and empathy along with reasoning. A rationality and a reasoning that does not accommodate values is meaningless. However, it is also argued that individual rationality cannot be realized if values are embedded in the decision procedures, in other words, realization of values could be made possible only when individuals behave non-rationally. Further if values having been abandoned at the individual level are accorded a place only collectively, the same must lead to either ‘‘epistemological inconsistency or abandonment of autonomy of individual evaluations’’. A talk or a rhetoric, otherwise is strategic and is employed with the intention of signalling certain information. Such a talk can be, therefore, deceptive and coercive. The illocutionary force and the normative trappings of a Foucauldian discourse, while allowing identification with a community and differences with the others, do simultaneously pose through coercion a threat to an utterance as such. If democracy cannot ensure utterance as freedom and if the illocutionary forces in a discursive democracy disciplines the thought and the talk, then how such a democracy could indeed be called authentic.
Most human actions and discourses are actuated by a deeper or primordial ante-deliberation Desire (let us use a capital ‘D’). Speaking as such is out of such a desire (one might use volition or passion). Engaging in a deliberation or else in an action is possible only since there has been such a desire. Desire appears to both the reflection and also to an observer as a mental-state. A discourse can be set only when such mental states are in harmony, or share a common predisposition or attitude. In the absence of such shared mental-states, no discourse and no deliberation can begin. A running underlying and most often unstated theme that remains at the back of the idea of deliberative democracy is competition–a competition with the ‘other’ which introduces strategy. The alternative to competition, a mental-state, which is out of a desire to enjoy the ‘other’ in the light of a memory that this ‘one’ and the ‘other’ were but the same and would again become the same, do not appear in the known Anglo-American literature. Such a mental-state might generate and keep alive possibilities of cooperation although is never a state of cooperation alone as such.
Which of the following words is closest to the word ‘primordial’ as used in the passage above?
  • a)
    Element
  • b)
    Anarchist
  • c)
    Animalistic
  • d)
    Nihilistic
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Most Upvoted Answer
Directions: These questions are based on the given passage below.Deli...
Understanding 'Primordial'
The term "primordial" in the context of the passage refers to something that is fundamental or original, serving as a basis for other concepts or actions. In this case, it describes a deep-seated desire that drives human actions and discourses.
Closest Meaning: Element
- Element: This word is synonymous with "primordial" as it implies something that is foundational or essential. Just like primordial desires are fundamental to human interaction, elements are the basic building blocks of a larger structure.
Other Options Explained
- Anarchist: This term relates to a political philosophy advocating for a society without government or authority. It does not connect to the idea of being original or fundamental.
- Animalistic: While this word may suggest primal instincts, it does not encapsulate the broader, fundamental nature of desire that "primordial" conveys.
- Nihilistic: Nihilism refers to the rejection of all religious and moral principles, often leading to despair. This concept does not relate to the foundational aspect suggested by "primordial."
Conclusion
In summary, the closest word to "primordial" in the passage is "element," as both terms signify something essential and foundational. Understanding this connection helps clarify the role of deep-seated desires in deliberative democracy and human discourse.
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Community Answer
Directions: These questions are based on the given passage below.Deli...
Prime + order means first in order.
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Analyse the following passage and provide appropriate answers for the questions that follow:The base of Objectivism according to Ayan Rand is explicit: "Existence exists-and the act of grasping that statement implies two corollary axioms: that something exists which one perceives and that one exists possessing consciousness, consciousness being the faculty of perceiving that which exists."Existence and consciousness are facts implicit in every perception. They are the base of all knowledge (and the precondition of proof): knowledge presupposes something to know and someone to know it. They are absolutes which cannot be questioned or escaped: every human utterance, including the denial of these axioms, implies their use and acceptance. The third axiom at the base of knowledge-an axiom true, in Aristotle's words, of "being qua being"- is the Law of Identity. This law defines the essence of existence: to be is to be something, a thing is what it is; and leads to the fundamental principle of all action, the law of causality.The law of causality states that a thing's actions are determined not by chance, but by its nature, i.e., by what it is.It is important to observe the interrelation of these three axioms. Existence is the first axiom. The universe exists independent of consciousness. Man is able to adapt his background to his own requirements, but "Nature, to be commanded, must be obeyed" (Francis Bacon). There is no mental process that can change the laws of nature or erase facts. The function of consciousness is not to create reality, but to apprehend it. "Existence is Identity, Consciousness is Identification."Q. Which of the following can be best captured as 'Identity' and 'Identification'?

Directions: These questions are based on the given passage below.Deliberative democracy demands a reflexive (or reflection driven) reordering of preferences in a non-coercive manner. The authenticity of democracy requires in addition that these reflective preferences influence collective outcomes and action, and so long as the state is the main (though far from exclusive) locus of collective decisions it requires discursive mechanisms for transmission of public opinion to the state. A deliberative or more properly a discursive democracy, in order that it can accommodate several competing versions of democracies such as the liberal. The minimal, the difference, etc must also accommodate rhetoric. narratives and empathy along with reasoning. A rationality and a reasoning that does not accommodate values is meaningless. However, it is also argued that individual rationality cannot be realized if values are embedded in the decision procedures, in other words, realization of values could be made possible only when individuals behave non-rationally. Further if values having been abandoned at the individual level are accorded a place only collectively, the same must lead to either ‘‘epistemological inconsistency or abandonment of autonomy of individual evaluations’’. A talk or a rhetoric, otherwise is strategic and is employed with the intention of signalling certain information. Such a talk can be, therefore, deceptive and coercive. The illocutionary force and the normative trappings of a Foucauldian discourse, while allowing identification with a community and differences with the others, do simultaneously pose through coercion a threat to an utterance as such. If democracy cannot ensure utterance as freedom and if the illocutionary forces in a discursive democracy disciplines the thought and the talk, then how such a democracy could indeed be called authentic.Most human actions and discourses are actuated by a deeper or primordial ante-deliberation Desire (let us use a capital ‘D’). Speaking as such is out of such a desire (one might use volition or passion). Engaging in a deliberation or else in an action is possible only since there has been such a desire. Desire appears to both the reflection and also to an observer as a mental-state. A discourse can be set only when such mental states are in harmony, or share a common predisposition or attitude. In the absence of such shared mental-states, no discourse and no deliberation can begin. A running underlying and most often unstated theme that remains at the back of the idea of deliberative democracy is competition–a competition with the ‘other’ which introduces strategy. The alternative to competition, a mental-state, which is out of a desire to enjoy the ‘other’ in the light of a memory that this ‘one’ and the ‘other’ were but the same and would again become the same, do not appear in the known Anglo-American literature. Such a mental-state might generate and keep alive possibilities of cooperation although is never a state of cooperation alone as such.Which of the following words is closest to the word ‘primordial’ as used in the passage above?a)Elementb)Anarchistc)Animalisticd)NihilisticCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Question Description
Directions: These questions are based on the given passage below.Deliberative democracy demands a reflexive (or reflection driven) reordering of preferences in a non-coercive manner. The authenticity of democracy requires in addition that these reflective preferences influence collective outcomes and action, and so long as the state is the main (though far from exclusive) locus of collective decisions it requires discursive mechanisms for transmission of public opinion to the state. A deliberative or more properly a discursive democracy, in order that it can accommodate several competing versions of democracies such as the liberal. The minimal, the difference, etc must also accommodate rhetoric. narratives and empathy along with reasoning. A rationality and a reasoning that does not accommodate values is meaningless. However, it is also argued that individual rationality cannot be realized if values are embedded in the decision procedures, in other words, realization of values could be made possible only when individuals behave non-rationally. Further if values having been abandoned at the individual level are accorded a place only collectively, the same must lead to either ‘‘epistemological inconsistency or abandonment of autonomy of individual evaluations’’. A talk or a rhetoric, otherwise is strategic and is employed with the intention of signalling certain information. Such a talk can be, therefore, deceptive and coercive. The illocutionary force and the normative trappings of a Foucauldian discourse, while allowing identification with a community and differences with the others, do simultaneously pose through coercion a threat to an utterance as such. If democracy cannot ensure utterance as freedom and if the illocutionary forces in a discursive democracy disciplines the thought and the talk, then how such a democracy could indeed be called authentic.Most human actions and discourses are actuated by a deeper or primordial ante-deliberation Desire (let us use a capital ‘D’). Speaking as such is out of such a desire (one might use volition or passion). Engaging in a deliberation or else in an action is possible only since there has been such a desire. Desire appears to both the reflection and also to an observer as a mental-state. A discourse can be set only when such mental states are in harmony, or share a common predisposition or attitude. In the absence of such shared mental-states, no discourse and no deliberation can begin. A running underlying and most often unstated theme that remains at the back of the idea of deliberative democracy is competition–a competition with the ‘other’ which introduces strategy. The alternative to competition, a mental-state, which is out of a desire to enjoy the ‘other’ in the light of a memory that this ‘one’ and the ‘other’ were but the same and would again become the same, do not appear in the known Anglo-American literature. Such a mental-state might generate and keep alive possibilities of cooperation although is never a state of cooperation alone as such.Which of the following words is closest to the word ‘primordial’ as used in the passage above?a)Elementb)Anarchistc)Animalisticd)NihilisticCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? for CAT 2024 is part of CAT preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the CAT exam syllabus. Information about Directions: These questions are based on the given passage below.Deliberative democracy demands a reflexive (or reflection driven) reordering of preferences in a non-coercive manner. The authenticity of democracy requires in addition that these reflective preferences influence collective outcomes and action, and so long as the state is the main (though far from exclusive) locus of collective decisions it requires discursive mechanisms for transmission of public opinion to the state. A deliberative or more properly a discursive democracy, in order that it can accommodate several competing versions of democracies such as the liberal. The minimal, the difference, etc must also accommodate rhetoric. narratives and empathy along with reasoning. A rationality and a reasoning that does not accommodate values is meaningless. However, it is also argued that individual rationality cannot be realized if values are embedded in the decision procedures, in other words, realization of values could be made possible only when individuals behave non-rationally. Further if values having been abandoned at the individual level are accorded a place only collectively, the same must lead to either ‘‘epistemological inconsistency or abandonment of autonomy of individual evaluations’’. A talk or a rhetoric, otherwise is strategic and is employed with the intention of signalling certain information. Such a talk can be, therefore, deceptive and coercive. The illocutionary force and the normative trappings of a Foucauldian discourse, while allowing identification with a community and differences with the others, do simultaneously pose through coercion a threat to an utterance as such. If democracy cannot ensure utterance as freedom and if the illocutionary forces in a discursive democracy disciplines the thought and the talk, then how such a democracy could indeed be called authentic.Most human actions and discourses are actuated by a deeper or primordial ante-deliberation Desire (let us use a capital ‘D’). Speaking as such is out of such a desire (one might use volition or passion). Engaging in a deliberation or else in an action is possible only since there has been such a desire. Desire appears to both the reflection and also to an observer as a mental-state. A discourse can be set only when such mental states are in harmony, or share a common predisposition or attitude. In the absence of such shared mental-states, no discourse and no deliberation can begin. A running underlying and most often unstated theme that remains at the back of the idea of deliberative democracy is competition–a competition with the ‘other’ which introduces strategy. The alternative to competition, a mental-state, which is out of a desire to enjoy the ‘other’ in the light of a memory that this ‘one’ and the ‘other’ were but the same and would again become the same, do not appear in the known Anglo-American literature. Such a mental-state might generate and keep alive possibilities of cooperation although is never a state of cooperation alone as such.Which of the following words is closest to the word ‘primordial’ as used in the passage above?a)Elementb)Anarchistc)Animalisticd)NihilisticCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for CAT 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Directions: These questions are based on the given passage below.Deliberative democracy demands a reflexive (or reflection driven) reordering of preferences in a non-coercive manner. The authenticity of democracy requires in addition that these reflective preferences influence collective outcomes and action, and so long as the state is the main (though far from exclusive) locus of collective decisions it requires discursive mechanisms for transmission of public opinion to the state. A deliberative or more properly a discursive democracy, in order that it can accommodate several competing versions of democracies such as the liberal. The minimal, the difference, etc must also accommodate rhetoric. narratives and empathy along with reasoning. A rationality and a reasoning that does not accommodate values is meaningless. However, it is also argued that individual rationality cannot be realized if values are embedded in the decision procedures, in other words, realization of values could be made possible only when individuals behave non-rationally. Further if values having been abandoned at the individual level are accorded a place only collectively, the same must lead to either ‘‘epistemological inconsistency or abandonment of autonomy of individual evaluations’’. A talk or a rhetoric, otherwise is strategic and is employed with the intention of signalling certain information. Such a talk can be, therefore, deceptive and coercive. The illocutionary force and the normative trappings of a Foucauldian discourse, while allowing identification with a community and differences with the others, do simultaneously pose through coercion a threat to an utterance as such. If democracy cannot ensure utterance as freedom and if the illocutionary forces in a discursive democracy disciplines the thought and the talk, then how such a democracy could indeed be called authentic.Most human actions and discourses are actuated by a deeper or primordial ante-deliberation Desire (let us use a capital ‘D’). Speaking as such is out of such a desire (one might use volition or passion). Engaging in a deliberation or else in an action is possible only since there has been such a desire. Desire appears to both the reflection and also to an observer as a mental-state. A discourse can be set only when such mental states are in harmony, or share a common predisposition or attitude. In the absence of such shared mental-states, no discourse and no deliberation can begin. A running underlying and most often unstated theme that remains at the back of the idea of deliberative democracy is competition–a competition with the ‘other’ which introduces strategy. The alternative to competition, a mental-state, which is out of a desire to enjoy the ‘other’ in the light of a memory that this ‘one’ and the ‘other’ were but the same and would again become the same, do not appear in the known Anglo-American literature. Such a mental-state might generate and keep alive possibilities of cooperation although is never a state of cooperation alone as such.Which of the following words is closest to the word ‘primordial’ as used in the passage above?a)Elementb)Anarchistc)Animalisticd)NihilisticCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?.
Solutions for Directions: These questions are based on the given passage below.Deliberative democracy demands a reflexive (or reflection driven) reordering of preferences in a non-coercive manner. The authenticity of democracy requires in addition that these reflective preferences influence collective outcomes and action, and so long as the state is the main (though far from exclusive) locus of collective decisions it requires discursive mechanisms for transmission of public opinion to the state. A deliberative or more properly a discursive democracy, in order that it can accommodate several competing versions of democracies such as the liberal. The minimal, the difference, etc must also accommodate rhetoric. narratives and empathy along with reasoning. A rationality and a reasoning that does not accommodate values is meaningless. However, it is also argued that individual rationality cannot be realized if values are embedded in the decision procedures, in other words, realization of values could be made possible only when individuals behave non-rationally. Further if values having been abandoned at the individual level are accorded a place only collectively, the same must lead to either ‘‘epistemological inconsistency or abandonment of autonomy of individual evaluations’’. A talk or a rhetoric, otherwise is strategic and is employed with the intention of signalling certain information. Such a talk can be, therefore, deceptive and coercive. The illocutionary force and the normative trappings of a Foucauldian discourse, while allowing identification with a community and differences with the others, do simultaneously pose through coercion a threat to an utterance as such. If democracy cannot ensure utterance as freedom and if the illocutionary forces in a discursive democracy disciplines the thought and the talk, then how such a democracy could indeed be called authentic.Most human actions and discourses are actuated by a deeper or primordial ante-deliberation Desire (let us use a capital ‘D’). Speaking as such is out of such a desire (one might use volition or passion). Engaging in a deliberation or else in an action is possible only since there has been such a desire. Desire appears to both the reflection and also to an observer as a mental-state. A discourse can be set only when such mental states are in harmony, or share a common predisposition or attitude. In the absence of such shared mental-states, no discourse and no deliberation can begin. A running underlying and most often unstated theme that remains at the back of the idea of deliberative democracy is competition–a competition with the ‘other’ which introduces strategy. The alternative to competition, a mental-state, which is out of a desire to enjoy the ‘other’ in the light of a memory that this ‘one’ and the ‘other’ were but the same and would again become the same, do not appear in the known Anglo-American literature. Such a mental-state might generate and keep alive possibilities of cooperation although is never a state of cooperation alone as such.Which of the following words is closest to the word ‘primordial’ as used in the passage above?a)Elementb)Anarchistc)Animalisticd)NihilisticCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? in English & in Hindi are available as part of our courses for CAT. Download more important topics, notes, lectures and mock test series for CAT Exam by signing up for free.
Here you can find the meaning of Directions: These questions are based on the given passage below.Deliberative democracy demands a reflexive (or reflection driven) reordering of preferences in a non-coercive manner. The authenticity of democracy requires in addition that these reflective preferences influence collective outcomes and action, and so long as the state is the main (though far from exclusive) locus of collective decisions it requires discursive mechanisms for transmission of public opinion to the state. A deliberative or more properly a discursive democracy, in order that it can accommodate several competing versions of democracies such as the liberal. The minimal, the difference, etc must also accommodate rhetoric. narratives and empathy along with reasoning. A rationality and a reasoning that does not accommodate values is meaningless. However, it is also argued that individual rationality cannot be realized if values are embedded in the decision procedures, in other words, realization of values could be made possible only when individuals behave non-rationally. Further if values having been abandoned at the individual level are accorded a place only collectively, the same must lead to either ‘‘epistemological inconsistency or abandonment of autonomy of individual evaluations’’. A talk or a rhetoric, otherwise is strategic and is employed with the intention of signalling certain information. Such a talk can be, therefore, deceptive and coercive. The illocutionary force and the normative trappings of a Foucauldian discourse, while allowing identification with a community and differences with the others, do simultaneously pose through coercion a threat to an utterance as such. If democracy cannot ensure utterance as freedom and if the illocutionary forces in a discursive democracy disciplines the thought and the talk, then how such a democracy could indeed be called authentic.Most human actions and discourses are actuated by a deeper or primordial ante-deliberation Desire (let us use a capital ‘D’). Speaking as such is out of such a desire (one might use volition or passion). Engaging in a deliberation or else in an action is possible only since there has been such a desire. Desire appears to both the reflection and also to an observer as a mental-state. A discourse can be set only when such mental states are in harmony, or share a common predisposition or attitude. In the absence of such shared mental-states, no discourse and no deliberation can begin. A running underlying and most often unstated theme that remains at the back of the idea of deliberative democracy is competition–a competition with the ‘other’ which introduces strategy. The alternative to competition, a mental-state, which is out of a desire to enjoy the ‘other’ in the light of a memory that this ‘one’ and the ‘other’ were but the same and would again become the same, do not appear in the known Anglo-American literature. Such a mental-state might generate and keep alive possibilities of cooperation although is never a state of cooperation alone as such.Which of the following words is closest to the word ‘primordial’ as used in the passage above?a)Elementb)Anarchistc)Animalisticd)NihilisticCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? defined & explained in the simplest way possible. Besides giving the explanation of Directions: These questions are based on the given passage below.Deliberative democracy demands a reflexive (or reflection driven) reordering of preferences in a non-coercive manner. The authenticity of democracy requires in addition that these reflective preferences influence collective outcomes and action, and so long as the state is the main (though far from exclusive) locus of collective decisions it requires discursive mechanisms for transmission of public opinion to the state. A deliberative or more properly a discursive democracy, in order that it can accommodate several competing versions of democracies such as the liberal. The minimal, the difference, etc must also accommodate rhetoric. narratives and empathy along with reasoning. A rationality and a reasoning that does not accommodate values is meaningless. However, it is also argued that individual rationality cannot be realized if values are embedded in the decision procedures, in other words, realization of values could be made possible only when individuals behave non-rationally. Further if values having been abandoned at the individual level are accorded a place only collectively, the same must lead to either ‘‘epistemological inconsistency or abandonment of autonomy of individual evaluations’’. A talk or a rhetoric, otherwise is strategic and is employed with the intention of signalling certain information. Such a talk can be, therefore, deceptive and coercive. The illocutionary force and the normative trappings of a Foucauldian discourse, while allowing identification with a community and differences with the others, do simultaneously pose through coercion a threat to an utterance as such. If democracy cannot ensure utterance as freedom and if the illocutionary forces in a discursive democracy disciplines the thought and the talk, then how such a democracy could indeed be called authentic.Most human actions and discourses are actuated by a deeper or primordial ante-deliberation Desire (let us use a capital ‘D’). Speaking as such is out of such a desire (one might use volition or passion). Engaging in a deliberation or else in an action is possible only since there has been such a desire. Desire appears to both the reflection and also to an observer as a mental-state. A discourse can be set only when such mental states are in harmony, or share a common predisposition or attitude. In the absence of such shared mental-states, no discourse and no deliberation can begin. A running underlying and most often unstated theme that remains at the back of the idea of deliberative democracy is competition–a competition with the ‘other’ which introduces strategy. The alternative to competition, a mental-state, which is out of a desire to enjoy the ‘other’ in the light of a memory that this ‘one’ and the ‘other’ were but the same and would again become the same, do not appear in the known Anglo-American literature. Such a mental-state might generate and keep alive possibilities of cooperation although is never a state of cooperation alone as such.Which of the following words is closest to the word ‘primordial’ as used in the passage above?a)Elementb)Anarchistc)Animalisticd)NihilisticCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?, a detailed solution for Directions: These questions are based on the given passage below.Deliberative democracy demands a reflexive (or reflection driven) reordering of preferences in a non-coercive manner. The authenticity of democracy requires in addition that these reflective preferences influence collective outcomes and action, and so long as the state is the main (though far from exclusive) locus of collective decisions it requires discursive mechanisms for transmission of public opinion to the state. A deliberative or more properly a discursive democracy, in order that it can accommodate several competing versions of democracies such as the liberal. The minimal, the difference, etc must also accommodate rhetoric. narratives and empathy along with reasoning. A rationality and a reasoning that does not accommodate values is meaningless. However, it is also argued that individual rationality cannot be realized if values are embedded in the decision procedures, in other words, realization of values could be made possible only when individuals behave non-rationally. Further if values having been abandoned at the individual level are accorded a place only collectively, the same must lead to either ‘‘epistemological inconsistency or abandonment of autonomy of individual evaluations’’. A talk or a rhetoric, otherwise is strategic and is employed with the intention of signalling certain information. Such a talk can be, therefore, deceptive and coercive. The illocutionary force and the normative trappings of a Foucauldian discourse, while allowing identification with a community and differences with the others, do simultaneously pose through coercion a threat to an utterance as such. If democracy cannot ensure utterance as freedom and if the illocutionary forces in a discursive democracy disciplines the thought and the talk, then how such a democracy could indeed be called authentic.Most human actions and discourses are actuated by a deeper or primordial ante-deliberation Desire (let us use a capital ‘D’). Speaking as such is out of such a desire (one might use volition or passion). Engaging in a deliberation or else in an action is possible only since there has been such a desire. Desire appears to both the reflection and also to an observer as a mental-state. A discourse can be set only when such mental states are in harmony, or share a common predisposition or attitude. In the absence of such shared mental-states, no discourse and no deliberation can begin. A running underlying and most often unstated theme that remains at the back of the idea of deliberative democracy is competition–a competition with the ‘other’ which introduces strategy. The alternative to competition, a mental-state, which is out of a desire to enjoy the ‘other’ in the light of a memory that this ‘one’ and the ‘other’ were but the same and would again become the same, do not appear in the known Anglo-American literature. Such a mental-state might generate and keep alive possibilities of cooperation although is never a state of cooperation alone as such.Which of the following words is closest to the word ‘primordial’ as used in the passage above?a)Elementb)Anarchistc)Animalisticd)NihilisticCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? has been provided alongside types of Directions: These questions are based on the given passage below.Deliberative democracy demands a reflexive (or reflection driven) reordering of preferences in a non-coercive manner. The authenticity of democracy requires in addition that these reflective preferences influence collective outcomes and action, and so long as the state is the main (though far from exclusive) locus of collective decisions it requires discursive mechanisms for transmission of public opinion to the state. A deliberative or more properly a discursive democracy, in order that it can accommodate several competing versions of democracies such as the liberal. The minimal, the difference, etc must also accommodate rhetoric. narratives and empathy along with reasoning. A rationality and a reasoning that does not accommodate values is meaningless. However, it is also argued that individual rationality cannot be realized if values are embedded in the decision procedures, in other words, realization of values could be made possible only when individuals behave non-rationally. Further if values having been abandoned at the individual level are accorded a place only collectively, the same must lead to either ‘‘epistemological inconsistency or abandonment of autonomy of individual evaluations’’. A talk or a rhetoric, otherwise is strategic and is employed with the intention of signalling certain information. Such a talk can be, therefore, deceptive and coercive. The illocutionary force and the normative trappings of a Foucauldian discourse, while allowing identification with a community and differences with the others, do simultaneously pose through coercion a threat to an utterance as such. If democracy cannot ensure utterance as freedom and if the illocutionary forces in a discursive democracy disciplines the thought and the talk, then how such a democracy could indeed be called authentic.Most human actions and discourses are actuated by a deeper or primordial ante-deliberation Desire (let us use a capital ‘D’). Speaking as such is out of such a desire (one might use volition or passion). Engaging in a deliberation or else in an action is possible only since there has been such a desire. Desire appears to both the reflection and also to an observer as a mental-state. A discourse can be set only when such mental states are in harmony, or share a common predisposition or attitude. In the absence of such shared mental-states, no discourse and no deliberation can begin. A running underlying and most often unstated theme that remains at the back of the idea of deliberative democracy is competition–a competition with the ‘other’ which introduces strategy. The alternative to competition, a mental-state, which is out of a desire to enjoy the ‘other’ in the light of a memory that this ‘one’ and the ‘other’ were but the same and would again become the same, do not appear in the known Anglo-American literature. Such a mental-state might generate and keep alive possibilities of cooperation although is never a state of cooperation alone as such.Which of the following words is closest to the word ‘primordial’ as used in the passage above?a)Elementb)Anarchistc)Animalisticd)NihilisticCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? theory, EduRev gives you an ample number of questions to practice Directions: These questions are based on the given passage below.Deliberative democracy demands a reflexive (or reflection driven) reordering of preferences in a non-coercive manner. The authenticity of democracy requires in addition that these reflective preferences influence collective outcomes and action, and so long as the state is the main (though far from exclusive) locus of collective decisions it requires discursive mechanisms for transmission of public opinion to the state. A deliberative or more properly a discursive democracy, in order that it can accommodate several competing versions of democracies such as the liberal. The minimal, the difference, etc must also accommodate rhetoric. narratives and empathy along with reasoning. A rationality and a reasoning that does not accommodate values is meaningless. However, it is also argued that individual rationality cannot be realized if values are embedded in the decision procedures, in other words, realization of values could be made possible only when individuals behave non-rationally. Further if values having been abandoned at the individual level are accorded a place only collectively, the same must lead to either ‘‘epistemological inconsistency or abandonment of autonomy of individual evaluations’’. A talk or a rhetoric, otherwise is strategic and is employed with the intention of signalling certain information. Such a talk can be, therefore, deceptive and coercive. The illocutionary force and the normative trappings of a Foucauldian discourse, while allowing identification with a community and differences with the others, do simultaneously pose through coercion a threat to an utterance as such. If democracy cannot ensure utterance as freedom and if the illocutionary forces in a discursive democracy disciplines the thought and the talk, then how such a democracy could indeed be called authentic.Most human actions and discourses are actuated by a deeper or primordial ante-deliberation Desire (let us use a capital ‘D’). Speaking as such is out of such a desire (one might use volition or passion). Engaging in a deliberation or else in an action is possible only since there has been such a desire. Desire appears to both the reflection and also to an observer as a mental-state. A discourse can be set only when such mental states are in harmony, or share a common predisposition or attitude. In the absence of such shared mental-states, no discourse and no deliberation can begin. A running underlying and most often unstated theme that remains at the back of the idea of deliberative democracy is competition–a competition with the ‘other’ which introduces strategy. The alternative to competition, a mental-state, which is out of a desire to enjoy the ‘other’ in the light of a memory that this ‘one’ and the ‘other’ were but the same and would again become the same, do not appear in the known Anglo-American literature. Such a mental-state might generate and keep alive possibilities of cooperation although is never a state of cooperation alone as such.Which of the following words is closest to the word ‘primordial’ as used in the passage above?a)Elementb)Anarchistc)Animalisticd)NihilisticCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? tests, examples and also practice CAT tests.
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