Question: Read the following passage and answer the question that follow.People who regularly eat chocolate are more depressive, experts have found. Research in Archives of Internal Medicine shows those who eat at least a bar every week are more glum than those who eat chocolate only now and again. Many believe chocolate has the power to lift mood. But experts say they cannot rule out that chocolate may be a cause rather than the cure for being depressed. In the study, the more chocolate the men and women consumed, the lower was their mood.Which of the following assumptions needs to be necessarily true?a)Those who ate the most chocolates scored the highest on depression.b)Those who ate the most chocolates were found to be on anti-depressantsc)None of those in the study were or had been diagnosed as clinically depressedd)None of those in the study were or had been alcoholics.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

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Question: Read the following passage and answer the question that follow.

People who regularly eat chocolate are more depressive, experts have found. Research in Archives of Internal Medicine shows those who eat at least a bar every week are more glum than those who eat chocolate only now and again. Many believe chocolate has the power to lift mood. But experts say they cannot rule out that chocolate may be a cause rather than the cure for being depressed. In the study, the more chocolate the men and women consumed, the lower was their mood.

Which of the following assumptions needs to be necessarily true?

a)
Those who ate the most chocolates scored the highest on depression.
b)
Those who ate the most chocolates were found to be on anti-depressants
c)
None of those in the study were or had been diagnosed as clinically depressed
d)
None of those in the study were or had been alcoholics.

Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

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Question: Read the following passage and answer the question that fol...

Options 1 and 2 do not establish the link between chocolates and depression in a categorical way - it could be that they ate chocolates because they were depressed - effect rather than cause.

Option 4 is irrelevant to chocolates and depression.

If option 3 is true it strengthens the hypothesis that chocolates only may have caused the depression, since those in the study were not already depressed.

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

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Question: Read the following passage and answer the question that fol...

Assumption: None of those in the study were or had been diagnosed as clinically depressed

The passage states that people who regularly eat chocolate are more depressive. The research shows that those who eat chocolate at least once a week are more glum compared to those who eat chocolate occasionally. It is also mentioned that the more chocolate people consumed, the lower their mood became. Based on this information, we can conclude that there is a correlation between chocolate consumption and depressive symptoms. However, it is important to identify the necessary assumption in order to strengthen this conclusion.

Assumption Explanation:
The assumption that needs to be necessarily true is that none of the participants in the study were or had been diagnosed as clinically depressed. This assumption is necessary because it helps establish a clear cause and effect relationship between chocolate consumption and depressive symptoms.

If participants in the study had a pre-existing diagnosis of clinical depression, it would be difficult to attribute their depressive symptoms solely to chocolate consumption. Clinical depression is a complex mental health condition that can have various causes, including biological, psychological, and environmental factors. Therefore, if some participants were clinically depressed, their depressive symptoms could be attributed to factors other than chocolate consumption, such as their existing mental health condition.

By assuming that none of the participants were clinically depressed, we can attribute the observed correlation between chocolate consumption and depressive symptoms to the chocolate itself. This strengthens the conclusion that regular chocolate consumption may lead to increased depressive symptoms.

Conclusion:
The necessary assumption is that none of the participants in the study were or had been diagnosed as clinically depressed. This assumption helps establish a direct link between chocolate consumption and depressive symptoms, strengthening the conclusion that regular chocolate consumption may lead to increased depressive symptoms.

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Read the following passage and answer the question that follow.People who regularly eat chocolate are more depressive, experts have found. Research in Archives of Internal Medicine shows those who eat at least a bar every week are more glum than those who eat chocolate only now and again. Many believe chocolate has the power to lift mood. But experts say they cannot rule out that chocolate may be a cause rather than the cure for being depressed. In the study, the more chocolate the men and women consumed, the lower was their mood.Q. Which of the following assumptions needs to be necessarily true?

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Direction: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below:Sociologists study how people get along together in groups. They study culture, social groups and how they affect individuals. The sociology of depression looks at the cultural context in which people live. It also looks at the social stresses that people encounter as a part of life. The sociological aspects of depression are both influenced by and also influence the other biological and psychological aspects of peoples lives.Culture and the ethnic group that people come from are important aspects of health and illness. A new branch of medicine, known as ethnomedicine, focuses on the role of culture, perception, and context in shaping someones physical and mental health.Previously, it was thought that depression primarily affected people in developed Western nations and that other cultures did not suffer from this condition. Ethnomedical studies suggest that this idea may have more to do cultural perceptions of what symptoms become labeled as a depressive disorder. It also has to do with how occurrences of depression are recorded for statistical purposes and how depression is thought of within particular cultures.Ethnomedical research suggests that cultural differences in focusing on oneself and ones place within the social group are linked to the amount of depression that occurs. Some of this difference comes from the individualistic vs. collectivistic orientation of a particular culture. In Western cultures, individuals are ideally viewed as independent, separate people striving for individual achievement and success. In contrast, other cultures view the family or society as being of more importance than the individual. Many times, personal happiness is sacrificed for the good of the larger group in such cultures. Very little thought is given to particular individuals within such cultures. For example, in traditional Asian cultures it is common for one member of the family to work hard and share a paycheck with the entire extended family. Some authors suggest that because people from collectivistic cultures are not encouraged to place much importance on personal gratification, they do not spend time feeling frustrated about their failure to achieve personal success. As a result, the lack of focus on the self can lead to a decrease or absence of the development of depressive disorders.Whereas social integration involves relationships characterized by closeness, support, and friendship, social stratification involves interactions featuring differences in power, status, and resources. A considerable body of research indicates that people who are more powerful, of higher status, and wealthier have mental health problems as compared with those who possess fewer resources. In addition, relationships that are relatively egalitarian promote more overall positive mental health than those that feature sharp distinctions in the amount of power and control that each member has.Q.Which of the following statements is true?

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Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below:Sociologists study how people get along together in groups. They study culture, social groups and how they affect individuals. The sociology of depression looks at the cultural context in which people live. It also looks at the social stresses that people encounter as a part of life. The sociological aspects of depression are both influenced by and also influence the other biological and psychological aspects of peoples lives.Culture and the ethnic group that people come from are important aspects of health and illness. A new branch of medicine, known as ethnomedicine, focuses on the role of culture, perception, and context in shaping someones physical and mental health.Previously, it was thought that depression primarily affected people in developed Western nations and that other cultures did not suffer from this condition. Ethnomedical studies suggest that this idea may have more to do cultural perceptions of what symptoms become labeled as a depressive disorder. It also has to do with how occurrences of depression are recorded for statistical purposes and how depression is thought of within particular cultures.Ethnomedical research suggests that cultural differences in focusing on oneself and ones place within the social group are linked to the amount of depression that occurs. Some of this difference comes from the individualistic vs. collectivistic orientation of a particular culture. In Western cultures, individuals are ideally viewed as independent, separate people striving for individual achievement and success. In contrast, other cultures view the family or society as being of more importance than the individual. Many times, personal happiness is sacrificed for the good of the larger group in such cultures. Very little thought is given to particular individuals within such cultures. For example, in traditional Asian cultures it is common for one member of the family to work hard and share a paycheck with the entire extended family. Some authors suggest that because people from collectivistic cultures are not encouraged to place much importance on personal gratification, they do not spend time feeling frustrated about their failure to achieve personal success. As a result, the lack of focus on the self can lead to a decrease or absence of the development of depressive disorders.Whereas social integration involves relationships characterized by closeness, support, and friendship, social stratification involves interactions featuring differences in power, status, and resources. A considerable body of research indicates that people who are more powerful, of higher status, and wealthier have mental health problems as compared with those who possess fewer resources. In addition, relationships that are relatively egalitarian promote more overall positive mental health than those that feature sharp distinctions in the amount of power and control that each member has.Q.In contrast to western cultures, what do collectivist cultures do?

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Direction: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below:Sociologists study how people get along together in groups. They study culture, social groups and how they affect individuals. The sociology of depression looks at the cultural context in which people live. It also looks at the social stresses that people encounter as a part of life. The sociological aspects of depression are both influenced by and also influence the other biological and psychological aspects of peoples lives.Culture and the ethnic group that people come from are important aspects of health and illness. A new branch of medicine, known as ethnomedicine, focuses on the role of culture, perception, and context in shaping someones physical and mental health.Previously, it was thought that depression primarily affected people in developed Western nations and that other cultures did not suffer from this condition. Ethnomedical studies suggest that this idea may have more to do cultural perceptions of what symptoms become labeled as a depressive disorder. It also has to do with how occurrences of depression are recorded for statistical purposes and how depression is thought of within particular cultures.Ethnomedical research suggests that cultural differences in focusing on oneself and ones place within the social group are linked to the amount of depression that occurs. Some of this difference comes from the individualistic vs. collectivistic orientation of a particular culture. In Western cultures, individuals are ideally viewed as independent, separate people striving for individual achievement and success. In contrast, other cultures view the family or society as being of more importance than the individual. Many times, personal happiness is sacrificed for the good of the larger group in such cultures. Very little thought is given to particular individuals within such cultures. For example, in traditional Asian cultures it is common for one member of the family to work hard and share a paycheck with the entire extended family. Some authors suggest that because people from collectivistic cultures are not encouraged to place much importance on personal gratification, they do not spend time feeling frustrated about their failure to achieve personal success. As a result, the lack of focus on the self can lead to a decrease or absence of the development of depressive disorders.Whereas social integration involves relationships characterized by closeness, support, and friendship, social stratification involves interactions featuring differences in power, status, and resources. A considerable body of research indicates that people who are more powerful, of higher status, and wealthier have mental health problems as compared with those who possess fewer resources. In addition, relationships that are relatively egalitarian promote more overall positive mental health than those that feature sharp distinctions in the amount of power and control that each member has.Q.What is Ethnomedicine?

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DIRECTIONSfor the question :Read the passage and answer the question based on it.Melancholy is a word that has fallen out of favor for describing the condition we now call depression. The fact that our language has changed, without the earlier word disappearing completely, indicates that we are still able to make use of both. Like most synonyms, melancholy and depression are not in fact synonymous, but slips of the tongue in a language we’re still learning. We keep trying to specify our experience of mental suffering, but all our new words constellate instead of consolidate meaning. In the essay collection Under the Sign of Saturn, Susan Sontag writes about her intellectual heroes, who all suffer solitude, ill temper, existential distress and creative block. They all breathe black air. According to her diagnostic model, they are all “melancholics.” Sontag doesn’t use the word depression in the company of her role models, but elsewhere she draws what seems like an easy distinction: “Depression is melancholy minus its charms.” But what are the charms of melancholy?There is a long history in Western thought associating melancholy and genius. We have van Gogh with his severed ear. We have Montaigne confessing, “It was a melancholy humor … which first put into my head this raving concern with writing.” We have Nina Simone and Kurt Cobain, Thelonious Monk and David Foster Wallace. We have the stubborn conviction that all of these artists produced the work they did not in spite of, but somehow because of, their suffering. The charms of melancholy seem to be the charms of van Gogh’s quietly kaleidoscopic color palette: in one self-portrait, every color used on his face is echoed elsewhere in the surroundings. His white bandage complements the canvas in the corner, his yellow skin the wall, his blue hat the blue window. The charms of his work become the charms of his persona and his predicament.But there’s another kind of portrait possible: the melancholic has not always and everywhere been cast as the romantic hero. In fact, Montaigne’s discussion of melancholy was meant as a kind of Neoplatonic corrective to the old medieval typology of the four humors which cast the “melancholic,” choking on an excess of black bile, as an unfortunate miser and sluggard, despised for his unsociability and general incompetence. That sounds more like it. Indeed, the medieval portrait of melancholy seems to have something in common with our understanding of depression today—or at least of the depressed person we see in pharmaceutical advertisements, whose disease seems to be lack of interest in the family barbecue. We do have our share of romantic geniuses—the suicide of David Foster Wallace is a dark lodestar over recent generations of writers. The pharmacological discourse of depression has not entirely replaced the romantic discourse of melancholy. But on the whole, contemporary American culture seems committed to a final solution.Both stigmatization and sanctification come with real ethical dangers. On the one hand, there is the danger that hidden in the wish for the elimination of depressive symptoms is a wish for the elimination of other essential attributes of the depressed person—her posture of persistent critique, her intolerance for small talk. On the other hand there is the danger of taking pleasure in the pain of the melancholic, and of adding the expectation of insight to the already oppressive expectations the melancholic likely has for herself. But these ethical dangers are not simply imposed on the unfortunate person from the outside. It is not only the culture at large that oscillates between understanding psychological suffering as a sign of genius and a mark of shame. The language used in both discourses bears a striking resemblance to the language the depressed person uses in her own head.Q.The author of the passage

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Question: Read the following passage and answer the question that follow.People who regularly eat chocolate are more depressive, experts have found. Research in Archives of Internal Medicine shows those who eat at least a bar every week are more glum than those who eat chocolate only now and again. Many believe chocolate has the power to lift mood. But experts say they cannot rule out that chocolate may be a cause rather than the cure for being depressed. In the study, the more chocolate the men and women consumed, the lower was their mood.Which of the following assumptions needs to be necessarily true?a)Those who ate the most chocolates scored the highest on depression.b)Those who ate the most chocolates were found to be on anti-depressantsc)None of those in the study were or had been diagnosed as clinically depressedd)None of those in the study were or had been alcoholics.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

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Question: Read the following passage and answer the question that follow.People who regularly eat chocolate are more depressive, experts have found. Research in Archives of Internal Medicine shows those who eat at least a bar every week are more glum than those who eat chocolate only now and again. Many believe chocolate has the power to lift mood. But experts say they cannot rule out that chocolate may be a cause rather than the cure for being depressed. In the study, the more chocolate the men and women consumed, the lower was their mood.Which of the following assumptions needs to be necessarily true?a)Those who ate the most chocolates scored the highest on depression.b)Those who ate the most chocolates were found to be on anti-depressantsc)None of those in the study were or had been diagnosed as clinically depressedd)None of those in the study were or had been alcoholics.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? for CAT 2024 is part of CAT preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the CAT exam syllabus. Information about Question: Read the following passage and answer the question that follow.People who regularly eat chocolate are more depressive, experts have found. Research in Archives of Internal Medicine shows those who eat at least a bar every week are more glum than those who eat chocolate only now and again. Many believe chocolate has the power to lift mood. But experts say they cannot rule out that chocolate may be a cause rather than the cure for being depressed. In the study, the more chocolate the men and women consumed, the lower was their mood.Which of the following assumptions needs to be necessarily true?a)Those who ate the most chocolates scored the highest on depression.b)Those who ate the most chocolates were found to be on anti-depressantsc)None of those in the study were or had been diagnosed as clinically depressedd)None of those in the study were or had been alcoholics.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for CAT 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Question: Read the following passage and answer the question that follow.People who regularly eat chocolate are more depressive, experts have found. Research in Archives of Internal Medicine shows those who eat at least a bar every week are more glum than those who eat chocolate only now and again. Many believe chocolate has the power to lift mood. But experts say they cannot rule out that chocolate may be a cause rather than the cure for being depressed. In the study, the more chocolate the men and women consumed, the lower was their mood.Which of the following assumptions needs to be necessarily true?a)Those who ate the most chocolates scored the highest on depression.b)Those who ate the most chocolates were found to be on anti-depressantsc)None of those in the study were or had been diagnosed as clinically depressedd)None of those in the study were or had been alcoholics.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?.

Solutions for Question: Read the following passage and answer the question that follow.People who regularly eat chocolate are more depressive, experts have found. Research in Archives of Internal Medicine shows those who eat at least a bar every week are more glum than those who eat chocolate only now and again. Many believe chocolate has the power to lift mood. But experts say they cannot rule out that chocolate may be a cause rather than the cure for being depressed. In the study, the more chocolate the men and women consumed, the lower was their mood.Which of the following assumptions needs to be necessarily true?a)Those who ate the most chocolates scored the highest on depression.b)Those who ate the most chocolates were found to be on anti-depressantsc)None of those in the study were or had been diagnosed as clinically depressedd)None of those in the study were or had been alcoholics.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? in English & in Hindi are available as part of our courses for CAT. Download more important topics, notes, lectures and mock test series for CAT Exam by signing up for free.

Here you can find the meaning of Question: Read the following passage and answer the question that follow.People who regularly eat chocolate are more depressive, experts have found. Research in Archives of Internal Medicine shows those who eat at least a bar every week are more glum than those who eat chocolate only now and again. Many believe chocolate has the power to lift mood. But experts say they cannot rule out that chocolate may be a cause rather than the cure for being depressed. In the study, the more chocolate the men and women consumed, the lower was their mood.Which of the following assumptions needs to be necessarily true?a)Those who ate the most chocolates scored the highest on depression.b)Those who ate the most chocolates were found to be on anti-depressantsc)None of those in the study were or had been diagnosed as clinically depressedd)None of those in the study were or had been alcoholics.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? defined & explained in the simplest way possible. Besides giving the explanation of Question: Read the following passage and answer the question that follow.People who regularly eat chocolate are more depressive, experts have found. Research in Archives of Internal Medicine shows those who eat at least a bar every week are more glum than those who eat chocolate only now and again. Many believe chocolate has the power to lift mood. But experts say they cannot rule out that chocolate may be a cause rather than the cure for being depressed. In the study, the more chocolate the men and women consumed, the lower was their mood.Which of the following assumptions needs to be necessarily true?a)Those who ate the most chocolates scored the highest on depression.b)Those who ate the most chocolates were found to be on anti-depressantsc)None of those in the study were or had been diagnosed as clinically depressedd)None of those in the study were or had been alcoholics.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?, a detailed solution for Question: Read the following passage and answer the question that follow.People who regularly eat chocolate are more depressive, experts have found. Research in Archives of Internal Medicine shows those who eat at least a bar every week are more glum than those who eat chocolate only now and again. Many believe chocolate has the power to lift mood. But experts say they cannot rule out that chocolate may be a cause rather than the cure for being depressed. In the study, the more chocolate the men and women consumed, the lower was their mood.Which of the following assumptions needs to be necessarily true?a)Those who ate the most chocolates scored the highest on depression.b)Those who ate the most chocolates were found to be on anti-depressantsc)None of those in the study were or had been diagnosed as clinically depressedd)None of those in the study were or had been alcoholics.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? has been provided alongside types of Question: Read the following passage and answer the question that follow.People who regularly eat chocolate are more depressive, experts have found. Research in Archives of Internal Medicine shows those who eat at least a bar every week are more glum than those who eat chocolate only now and again. Many believe chocolate has the power to lift mood. But experts say they cannot rule out that chocolate may be a cause rather than the cure for being depressed. In the study, the more chocolate the men and women consumed, the lower was their mood.Which of the following assumptions needs to be necessarily true?a)Those who ate the most chocolates scored the highest on depression.b)Those who ate the most chocolates were found to be on anti-depressantsc)None of those in the study were or had been diagnosed as clinically depressedd)None of those in the study were or had been alcoholics.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? theory, EduRev gives you an ample number of questions to practice Question: Read the following passage and answer the question that follow.People who regularly eat chocolate are more depressive, experts have found. Research in Archives of Internal Medicine shows those who eat at least a bar every week are more glum than those who eat chocolate only now and again. Many believe chocolate has the power to lift mood. But experts say they cannot rule out that chocolate may be a cause rather than the cure for being depressed. In the study, the more chocolate the men and women consumed, the lower was their mood.Which of the following assumptions needs to be necessarily true?a)Those who ate the most chocolates scored the highest on depression.b)Those who ate the most chocolates were found to be on anti-depressantsc)None of those in the study were or had been diagnosed as clinically depressedd)None of those in the study were or had been alcoholics.Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? tests, examples and also practice CAT tests.

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