The matrix method is not a method of estimating national income. The correct answer is option 'C'.


There are three primary methods used to estimate national income:

1. Expenditure Method:
- The expenditure method calculates national income by summing up all the expenditures made by households, businesses, government, and foreign sectors in an economy.
- It considers consumption expenditure, investment expenditure, government expenditure, and net exports (exports minus imports).
- The formula for calculating national income using the expenditure method is: National Income = Consumption Expenditure + Investment Expenditure + Government Expenditure + Net Exports.

2. Output Method:
- The output method estimates national income by considering the total value of goods and services produced in an economy.
- It calculates national income by summing up the value added at each stage of production.
- Value added is the difference between the value of output produced and the cost of intermediate inputs used in the production process.
- By adding up the value added at each stage of production, the total value of goods and services produced can be determined, which represents the national income.

3. Income Method:
- The income method estimates national income by considering the total income earned by various factors of production, such as labor, capital, and land.
- It calculates national income by summing up the wages and salaries, profits, rents, and interest earned in an economy.
- The formula for calculating national income using the income method is: National Income = Wages and Salaries + Profits + Rents + Interest.


The matrix method is not a method of estimating national income. The correct methods are the expenditure method, output method, and income method.