Which of the following requirement is satisfied by a phase change of the first order?a)there are changes of volume and entropyb)the first-order derivative of the Gibbs function changes discontinuouslyc)both of the mentionedd)none of the mentionedCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Question

Answer

Phase Change of the First Order

- A phase change of the first order refers to a transition between two phases of matter where both phases coexist at equilibrium.
- This type of phase change satisfies the following requirements:

Changes of Volume and Entropy

- During a first-order phase change, there are changes in volume and entropy. This is because the arrangement of molecules or atoms changes between the two phases, leading to a difference in density and disorder.
- For example, during the melting of ice to water, there is a change in volume as the solid structure breaks down into a less ordered liquid phase.

First-Order Derivative of Gibbs Function

- Another requirement satisfied by a phase change of the first order is that the first-order derivative of the Gibbs function changes discontinuously.
- The Gibbs function is a thermodynamic potential that combines enthalpy, entropy, and volume. In a first-order phase transition, there is a sudden change in the slope of the Gibbs function, indicating a discontinuity.

Conclusion

- In conclusion, a phase change of the first order satisfies both the requirements mentioned - changes in volume and entropy, as well as a discontinuous change in the first-order derivative of the Gibbs function.

Answer

These requirements must be satisfied for a phase change to be of first order.

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