The Constitution and the Practice of Untouchability:
The practice of untouchability, which is the social practice of discriminating against certain individuals and communities based on their caste or social status, is addressed in the Constitution of India. The Constitution, which serves as the supreme law of the land, includes provisions that aim to eliminate untouchability and ensure equality for all citizens.
Key Points:

- Abolishment: The Constitution explicitly states that untouchability is abolished. This means that the practice is recognized as illegal and unconstitutional.

- Punishable by Law: The Constitution also declares that the practice of untouchability in any form is punishable by law. This means that individuals who engage in or promote untouchability can be held accountable and face legal consequences.

- Respect and Tradition: Contrary to the belief that untouchability should be respected as an age-old custom, the Constitution does not support or endorse such views. Instead, it emphasizes the need to eliminate this discriminatory practice and promote equality among all citizens.
Conclusion:

The Constitution of India unequivocally condemns and prohibits the practice of untouchability. It not only declares untouchability as abolished but also makes it punishable by law. The aim is to create a society that upholds the principles of equality, social justice, and dignity for all individuals, irrespective of their caste or social status.

The correct answer is option 'D': Both (a) and (b).

Explanation:
The Constitution of India, adopted on 26th November 1949, is the supreme law of the country. It is a comprehensive document that outlines the fundamental rights, directive principles, and basic structure of the government. In relation to the practice of untouchability, the Constitution explicitly addresses and prohibits it.

1. Constitution abolishes untouchability (a)
- The Constitution of India, in its Preamble, aims to secure justice, equality, liberty, and fraternity for all citizens.
- Article 17 of the Constitution specifically deals with untouchability. It states that "Untouchability is abolished and its practice in any form is forbidden."
- This provision unequivocally declares the abolition of untouchability, recognizing it as an evil practice that needs to be eradicated from society.

2. Untouchability is punishable by law (b)
- The Constitution not only abolishes untouchability but also makes its practice punishable by law.
- Article 17 continues by stating that "The enforcement of any disability arising out of untouchability shall be an offense punishable in accordance with the law."
- This means that any act or practice that discriminates against or imposes disabilities on individuals based on their caste or social status is considered an offense and can be legally punished.

The Constitution's provisions regarding untouchability highlight the commitment of the Indian government to eliminate this social evil and ensure equality for all citizens. It recognizes that untouchability has no place in a democratic and egalitarian society. By explicitly abolishing untouchability and making its practice punishable by law, the Constitution aims to create a society where every individual is treated with dignity and respect, irrespective of their caste or social background. These provisions serve as a strong foundation for promoting social justice and inclusivity in India.