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Why Monomeric saturated aliphatic carboxylic acids show carbonyl stretching frequency near 1760 cm-1, while saturated aliphatic ketones near 1720 cm-1?
- a)Mesomeric (M) effect is dominant in acids over the inductive (I) effect
- b)I effect is dominant in carboxylic acids over the mesomeric effect
- c)I effect on ketones is dominant over the M effect
- d)M effect in ketones is dominant
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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Why Monomeric saturated aliphatic carboxylic acids show carbonyl stret...
Monomeric saturated aliphatic carboxylic acids show carbonyl stretching frequency near 1760 cm-1, while saturated aliphatic ketones near 1720 cm-1 because I effect is dominant in carboxylic acids over the mesomeric effect.
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Why Monomeric saturated aliphatic carboxylic acids show carbonyl stret...
Explanation:
Carbonyl stretching frequencies are determined by the electron density around the carbonyl group. In the case of monomeric saturated aliphatic carboxylic acids, the carbonyl stretching frequency is near 1760 cm-1, while in saturated aliphatic ketones, it is near 1720 cm-1.
Inductive Effect (I):
The inductive effect is the polarizing effect of a functional group or substituent on a molecule due to differences in electronegativity. It occurs through sigma bonds and involves the transfer of electron density along a chain of atoms.
Mesomeric Effect (M):
The mesomeric effect, also known as the resonance effect, is the electronic effect caused by the interaction of pi electrons in a conjugated system with a functional group or substituent. It occurs through pi bonds and involves the delocalization of electron density.
Reason for the Difference in Carbonyl Stretching Frequencies:
Carboxylic Acids:
Carboxylic acids have a carboxyl group (–COOH), which consists of both a carbonyl group (C=O) and a hydroxyl group (–OH). The carbonyl group in carboxylic acids shows a carbonyl stretching frequency near 1760 cm-1. This higher frequency is due to the dominant inductive effect of the hydroxyl group over the mesomeric effect. The electronegativity difference between oxygen and hydrogen in the hydroxyl group results in the transfer of electron density towards the oxygen atom, leading to a higher electron density around the carbonyl carbon. This increase in electron density causes a higher carbonyl stretching frequency.
Ketones:
Ketones have a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups. The carbonyl group in ketones shows a carbonyl stretching frequency near 1720 cm-1. This lower frequency is due to the dominant inductive effect of the alkyl or aryl groups over the mesomeric effect. The alkyl or aryl groups are less electronegative than the carbonyl carbon, resulting in the transfer of electron density away from the carbonyl carbon. This decrease in electron density causes a lower carbonyl stretching frequency.
Conclusion:
The difference in carbonyl stretching frequencies between monomeric saturated aliphatic carboxylic acids and saturated aliphatic ketones is primarily due to the dominant inductive effect in carboxylic acids (hydroxyl group) and ketones (alkyl or aryl groups) over the mesomeric effect. Carboxylic acids have a higher carbonyl stretching frequency near 1760 cm-1, while ketones have a lower carbonyl stretching frequency near 1720 cm-1.
Carbonyl stretching frequencies are determined by the electron density around the carbonyl group. In the case of monomeric saturated aliphatic carboxylic acids, the carbonyl stretching frequency is near 1760 cm-1, while in saturated aliphatic ketones, it is near 1720 cm-1.
Inductive Effect (I):
The inductive effect is the polarizing effect of a functional group or substituent on a molecule due to differences in electronegativity. It occurs through sigma bonds and involves the transfer of electron density along a chain of atoms.
Mesomeric Effect (M):
The mesomeric effect, also known as the resonance effect, is the electronic effect caused by the interaction of pi electrons in a conjugated system with a functional group or substituent. It occurs through pi bonds and involves the delocalization of electron density.
Reason for the Difference in Carbonyl Stretching Frequencies:
Carboxylic Acids:
Carboxylic acids have a carboxyl group (–COOH), which consists of both a carbonyl group (C=O) and a hydroxyl group (–OH). The carbonyl group in carboxylic acids shows a carbonyl stretching frequency near 1760 cm-1. This higher frequency is due to the dominant inductive effect of the hydroxyl group over the mesomeric effect. The electronegativity difference between oxygen and hydrogen in the hydroxyl group results in the transfer of electron density towards the oxygen atom, leading to a higher electron density around the carbonyl carbon. This increase in electron density causes a higher carbonyl stretching frequency.
Ketones:
Ketones have a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups. The carbonyl group in ketones shows a carbonyl stretching frequency near 1720 cm-1. This lower frequency is due to the dominant inductive effect of the alkyl or aryl groups over the mesomeric effect. The alkyl or aryl groups are less electronegative than the carbonyl carbon, resulting in the transfer of electron density away from the carbonyl carbon. This decrease in electron density causes a lower carbonyl stretching frequency.
Conclusion:
The difference in carbonyl stretching frequencies between monomeric saturated aliphatic carboxylic acids and saturated aliphatic ketones is primarily due to the dominant inductive effect in carboxylic acids (hydroxyl group) and ketones (alkyl or aryl groups) over the mesomeric effect. Carboxylic acids have a higher carbonyl stretching frequency near 1760 cm-1, while ketones have a lower carbonyl stretching frequency near 1720 cm-1.
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Why Monomeric saturated aliphatic carboxylic acids show carbonyl stretching frequency near 1760 cm-1, while saturated aliphatic ketones near 1720 cm-1?a)Mesomeric (M) effect is dominant in acids over the inductive (I) effectb)I effect is dominant in carboxylic acids over the mesomeric effectc)I effect on ketones is dominant over the M effectd)M effect in ketones is dominantCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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Why Monomeric saturated aliphatic carboxylic acids show carbonyl stretching frequency near 1760 cm-1, while saturated aliphatic ketones near 1720 cm-1?a)Mesomeric (M) effect is dominant in acids over the inductive (I) effectb)I effect is dominant in carboxylic acids over the mesomeric effectc)I effect on ketones is dominant over the M effectd)M effect in ketones is dominantCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? for Chemistry 2024 is part of Chemistry preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the Chemistry exam syllabus. Information about Why Monomeric saturated aliphatic carboxylic acids show carbonyl stretching frequency near 1760 cm-1, while saturated aliphatic ketones near 1720 cm-1?a)Mesomeric (M) effect is dominant in acids over the inductive (I) effectb)I effect is dominant in carboxylic acids over the mesomeric effectc)I effect on ketones is dominant over the M effectd)M effect in ketones is dominantCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for Chemistry 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Why Monomeric saturated aliphatic carboxylic acids show carbonyl stretching frequency near 1760 cm-1, while saturated aliphatic ketones near 1720 cm-1?a)Mesomeric (M) effect is dominant in acids over the inductive (I) effectb)I effect is dominant in carboxylic acids over the mesomeric effectc)I effect on ketones is dominant over the M effectd)M effect in ketones is dominantCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?.
Why Monomeric saturated aliphatic carboxylic acids show carbonyl stretching frequency near 1760 cm-1, while saturated aliphatic ketones near 1720 cm-1?a)Mesomeric (M) effect is dominant in acids over the inductive (I) effectb)I effect is dominant in carboxylic acids over the mesomeric effectc)I effect on ketones is dominant over the M effectd)M effect in ketones is dominantCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? for Chemistry 2024 is part of Chemistry preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the Chemistry exam syllabus. Information about Why Monomeric saturated aliphatic carboxylic acids show carbonyl stretching frequency near 1760 cm-1, while saturated aliphatic ketones near 1720 cm-1?a)Mesomeric (M) effect is dominant in acids over the inductive (I) effectb)I effect is dominant in carboxylic acids over the mesomeric effectc)I effect on ketones is dominant over the M effectd)M effect in ketones is dominantCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for Chemistry 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Why Monomeric saturated aliphatic carboxylic acids show carbonyl stretching frequency near 1760 cm-1, while saturated aliphatic ketones near 1720 cm-1?a)Mesomeric (M) effect is dominant in acids over the inductive (I) effectb)I effect is dominant in carboxylic acids over the mesomeric effectc)I effect on ketones is dominant over the M effectd)M effect in ketones is dominantCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?.
Solutions for Why Monomeric saturated aliphatic carboxylic acids show carbonyl stretching frequency near 1760 cm-1, while saturated aliphatic ketones near 1720 cm-1?a)Mesomeric (M) effect is dominant in acids over the inductive (I) effectb)I effect is dominant in carboxylic acids over the mesomeric effectc)I effect on ketones is dominant over the M effectd)M effect in ketones is dominantCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? in English & in Hindi are available as part of our courses for Chemistry.
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Why Monomeric saturated aliphatic carboxylic acids show carbonyl stretching frequency near 1760 cm-1, while saturated aliphatic ketones near 1720 cm-1?a)Mesomeric (M) effect is dominant in acids over the inductive (I) effectb)I effect is dominant in carboxylic acids over the mesomeric effectc)I effect on ketones is dominant over the M effectd)M effect in ketones is dominantCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?, a detailed solution for Why Monomeric saturated aliphatic carboxylic acids show carbonyl stretching frequency near 1760 cm-1, while saturated aliphatic ketones near 1720 cm-1?a)Mesomeric (M) effect is dominant in acids over the inductive (I) effectb)I effect is dominant in carboxylic acids over the mesomeric effectc)I effect on ketones is dominant over the M effectd)M effect in ketones is dominantCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? has been provided alongside types of Why Monomeric saturated aliphatic carboxylic acids show carbonyl stretching frequency near 1760 cm-1, while saturated aliphatic ketones near 1720 cm-1?a)Mesomeric (M) effect is dominant in acids over the inductive (I) effectb)I effect is dominant in carboxylic acids over the mesomeric effectc)I effect on ketones is dominant over the M effectd)M effect in ketones is dominantCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? theory, EduRev gives you an
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