How many orbitals are included in sp3d hybridization?a)5b)4c)3d)6Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Question

Answer

Answer

The concept of mixing of atomic orbitals and formation of new hybridized atomic orbitals for the pairing of electrons through chemical bonds. Therefore sp3d hybridization included 5 orbitals namely 1 s-orbital, 3 p-orbitals, and 1 d-orbital.

Answer

There are 5 orbitals included in sp3d hybridization.

Hybridization is a concept in chemistry that describes the mixing of atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals. These hybrid orbitals have different shapes and energies compared to the original atomic orbitals.

In sp3d hybridization, one s orbital, three p orbitals, and one d orbital are mixed together to form five sp3d hybrid orbitals. The resulting hybrid orbitals have a trigonal bipyramidal shape.

Let's break down the process of sp3d hybridization:

1. Formation of the excited state:
Initially, the central atom must have an available d orbital to undergo sp3d hybridization. This usually occurs in elements from the third period onwards in the periodic table. The central atom's s orbital and three p orbitals are already occupied in the ground state. To create the excited state, one electron from the s orbital is promoted to the empty d orbital.

2. Mixing of orbitals:
The excited state orbitals (one s, three p, and one d) then mix together to form five new hybrid orbitals. The s orbital mixes with the three p orbitals and one d orbital to create five sp3d hybrid orbitals.

3. Geometry and energy of hybrid orbitals:
The five sp3d hybrid orbitals arrange themselves in a trigonal bipyramidal geometry. This means that three of the hybrid orbitals are oriented in a trigonal planar arrangement, while the other two are located along the axial positions. The energy of the hybrid orbitals is also different from the original atomic orbitals.

4. Bonding:
The hybrid orbitals can then overlap with other atomic orbitals to form sigma bonds. For example, in a molecule with sp3d hybridization, the central atom can form sigma bonds with five other atoms or groups.

In conclusion, sp3d hybridization involves the mixing of one s orbital, three p orbitals, and one d orbital to form five sp3d hybrid orbitals. These hybrid orbitals have a trigonal bipyramidal shape and can form sigma bonds with other atoms or groups.

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