Which of the bonding orbital has greater energy comparatively?a)Both Bonding molecular orbital and Anti-bonding molecular orbital have the same energyb)The energy of Bonding molecular orbital and Anti-bonding molecular orbital depends on the situationc)Bonding molecular orbitald)Anti-bonding molecular orbitalCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Question

Answer

Answer

Bonding and anti-bonding molecular orbitals are formed by the combination of atomic orbitals when two atoms come together to form a molecule. These molecular orbitals have different energies, and the energy difference between them determines the stability of the molecule.

Bonding Molecular Orbital:
- When two atomic orbitals combine in-phase, a bonding molecular orbital is formed.
- The electrons in this bonding orbital are shared between the two atoms, resulting in a stable molecular bond.
- The energy of the bonding molecular orbital is lower than that of the parent atomic orbitals.

Anti-bonding Molecular Orbital:
- When two atomic orbitals combine out-of-phase, an anti-bonding molecular orbital is formed.
- The electrons in this anti-bonding orbital are located in the region between the two nuclei, resulting in a destabilizing effect on the molecule.
- The energy of the anti-bonding molecular orbital is higher than that of the parent atomic orbitals.

Explanation:
The correct answer is option D, which states that the anti-bonding molecular orbital has greater energy compared to the bonding molecular orbital. This is because the anti-bonding orbital is formed by subtracting the atomic orbitals, resulting in a higher energy state.

In the bonding molecular orbital, the electrons are shared between the two atoms, leading to a more stable configuration. On the other hand, in the anti-bonding molecular orbital, the electrons are located in the region between the nuclei, resulting in a destabilizing effect.

The energy difference between the bonding and anti-bonding orbitals is known as the bond energy. It represents the strength of the bond between the atoms in the molecule. A higher bond energy indicates a stronger bond and a more stable molecule.

In summary, the anti-bonding molecular orbital has greater energy compared to the bonding molecular orbital. This energy difference determines the stability of the molecule, with a lower energy bonding orbital contributing to a more stable configuration.

Answer

An electron that enters bonding orbitals stabilizes the molecule as it’ in between two nuclei. Whereas when an electron is entered into the anti-bonding orbital, it needs to pull an electron away from the nucleus.

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