Himalaya: Longitudinal Division

The Himalaya mountain range, located in South Asia, is a vast and majestic range that stretches across several countries, including India, Nepal, Bhutan, and Tibet. It is known for its towering peaks, deep valleys, and rich biodiversity. The Himalayas can be divided into three longitudinal divisions: the Great Himalaya, the Lesser Himalaya, and the Outer Himalaya.

1. Great Himalaya:
The Great Himalaya is the highest and most prominent division of the Himalayas. It is also referred to as the Inner Himalaya or the Himadri. This division encompasses some of the highest peaks in the world, including Mount Everest and Kanchenjunga. The Great Himalaya acts as a natural barrier, separating the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau. It consists of a series of parallel ranges with deep, U-shaped valleys carved by glaciers.

2. Lesser Himalaya:
The Lesser Himalaya, also known as the Middle Himalaya or the Himachal, lies to the south of the Great Himalaya. This division is characterized by lower peaks and less rugged terrain compared to the Great Himalaya. The Lesser Himalaya consists of several prominent ranges, such as the Pir Panjal Range, Dhauladhar Range, and Mahabharat Range. These ranges are primarily composed of sedimentary rocks and are known for their lush forests, picturesque valleys, and numerous rivers.

3. Outer Himalaya:
The Outer Himalaya, also called the Shiwalik Range or the Sub-Himalaya, is the southernmost division of the Himalayas. It is a relatively lower and less rugged division compared to the Great and Lesser Himalayas. The Outer Himalaya is composed of soft sedimentary rocks and is known for its foothills, known as the Terai region. This division serves as a transition zone between the Himalayas and the Indo-Gangetic Plains. The Outer Himalaya is characterized by rolling hills, wide valleys, and dense forests.

Conclusion:
The longitudinal division of the Himalayas provides a framework to understand the diverse topography and geological features of this majestic mountain range. The Great Himalaya, Lesser Himalaya, and Outer Himalaya each have unique characteristics and play a crucial role in shaping the landscape, climate, and biodiversity of the region. Exploring these divisions offers a glimpse into the awe-inspiring beauty and natural wonders of the Himalayas.