Explanation:
Dynamic RAM (DRAM) and Static RAM (SRAM) are two types of random access memory used in computer systems. While both are used for storing data, they have different characteristics that make them suitable for different purposes. One major difference between DRAM and SRAM is their speed.

1. DRAM uses capacitors:
One of the main reasons why DRAM is slower than SRAM is because it uses capacitors to store data. Each bit of data in a DRAM cell is stored as an electrical charge on a capacitor. However, over time, the charge on the capacitor leaks away, causing the data to be lost. To prevent this, DRAM cells need to be refreshed periodically to restore the charge on the capacitors. This refreshing process adds a significant amount of overhead, resulting in slower access times compared to SRAM.

2. SRAM uses flip-flops:
On the other hand, SRAM uses flip-flops to store data. Flip-flops are a type of electronic circuit that can store a single bit of data. Unlike capacitors in DRAM, flip-flops do not leak charge over time, so there is no need for periodic refreshing. As a result, SRAM can provide faster access times compared to DRAM.

3. Refreshing process:
The refreshing process in DRAM involves reading the data from each memory cell, amplifying it, and then rewriting it back to the same cell. This process is performed in the background by the memory controller, but it still introduces additional latency. In contrast, SRAM does not require refreshing, so accessing data from SRAM is faster and more efficient.

4. Cost considerations:
While DRAM is slower and requires refreshing, it has an advantage over SRAM in terms of cost. DRAM is cheaper to manufacture compared to SRAM, making it more cost-effective for large-scale memory systems. This is why DRAM is commonly used in main memory (RAM) in computer systems, while SRAM is typically used in cache memory, where speed is prioritized over cost.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the main reason why DRAM is slower than SRAM is because it uses capacitors to store data, requiring periodic refreshing. This refreshing process adds overhead and introduces latency, resulting in slower access times compared to SRAM. However, DRAM is more cost-effective, making it suitable for main memory applications, while SRAM is faster and more suitable for cache memory.