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Head loss due to friction in water flow through penstock can be minimised by
- a)decreasing the diameter of penstock
- b)Increasing the diameter of penstock
- c)Increasing the length of penstock
- d)Increasing the velocity of flow
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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Most Upvoted Answer
Head loss due to friction in water flow through penstock can be minimi...
The layout of the Hydropower plant is shown below: Components are:
- Reservoir: Reservoirs can be natural (Lake) or Artificial (Dam).
- Penstock: It is a large-diameter pipe that carries water from the water storage system to the turbine.
- Surge tanks: It is a reservoir of water placed near the turbine and is used to avoid the water hammer in the penstock.
- Turbine
- Tailrace
- Generator
Types of head:
- Gross head (HG): It is defined as the head under which a hydropower plant is working or it is the difference between the head race level and tail race level.
- Net head (H): It is the head available with water at the entry to the turbine or it is the head under which the turbine is working.
HG - HF = H; Where HF = Head loss due to friction
According to Darcy's Weisbach equation for head loss in pipes:
; where F = Darcy's friction factor = 4f ; where f = friction coefficient
From the above equation, we can see that
HF ∝ L ∝ V2 ∝1D
So, From the above, we can conclude that Head loss due to friction in water flow through the penstock can be minimized by increasing the diameter of the Penstock.
According to Darcy's Weisbach equation for head loss in pipes:
; where F = Darcy's friction factor = 4f ; where f = friction coefficientFrom the above equation, we can see that
HF ∝ L ∝ V2 ∝1D
So, From the above, we can conclude that Head loss due to friction in water flow through the penstock can be minimized by increasing the diameter of the Penstock.
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Head loss due to friction in water flow through penstock can be minimi...
Increasing the diameter of penstock:
Increasing the diameter of the penstock is an effective way to minimize head loss due to friction in water flow. Here's why:
- Decreased friction: By increasing the diameter of the penstock, the cross-sectional area of flow increases, leading to a decrease in flow velocity. This decrease in velocity results in lower frictional losses along the walls of the penstock.
- Reduced turbulence: A larger diameter penstock allows for smoother flow of water, reducing turbulence and eddies that contribute to head loss. This smoother flow minimizes energy losses due to turbulence.
- Lower pressure drop: With a larger diameter penstock, the pressure drop along the length of the penstock is reduced. This reduction in pressure drop helps in maintaining a higher head at the end of the penstock.
- Increased efficiency: Overall, increasing the diameter of the penstock leads to a more efficient flow of water with lower head loss due to friction. This results in improved performance of the hydraulic system.
In conclusion, increasing the diameter of the penstock is a practical way to minimize head loss due to friction in water flow and improve the efficiency of the system.
Increasing the diameter of the penstock is an effective way to minimize head loss due to friction in water flow. Here's why:
- Decreased friction: By increasing the diameter of the penstock, the cross-sectional area of flow increases, leading to a decrease in flow velocity. This decrease in velocity results in lower frictional losses along the walls of the penstock.
- Reduced turbulence: A larger diameter penstock allows for smoother flow of water, reducing turbulence and eddies that contribute to head loss. This smoother flow minimizes energy losses due to turbulence.
- Lower pressure drop: With a larger diameter penstock, the pressure drop along the length of the penstock is reduced. This reduction in pressure drop helps in maintaining a higher head at the end of the penstock.
- Increased efficiency: Overall, increasing the diameter of the penstock leads to a more efficient flow of water with lower head loss due to friction. This results in improved performance of the hydraulic system.
In conclusion, increasing the diameter of the penstock is a practical way to minimize head loss due to friction in water flow and improve the efficiency of the system.
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Head loss due to friction in water flow through penstock can be minimised bya)decreasing the diameter of penstockb)Increasing the diameter of penstockc)Increasing the length of penstockd)Increasing the velocity of flowCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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