CAT Exam  >  CAT Questions  >   Directions: Study the following information ... Start Learning for Free
Directions: Study the following information carefully and answer the question.
The supply of venture capital is likely to continue growing. Within the past two years, numerous government-backed pension funds have invested in private equity for the first time. Many experienced investors have also decided to increase their allocations. This growth naturally begs the question of sustainability. Short-run shifts in the supply of or demand for venture capital investments have had dramatic effects. For instance, periods with a rapid increase in capital commitments have led to less restrictive partnership agreements, large investments in portfolio firms, and higher valuations. These patterns have led many practitioners to conclude that the industry is inherently cyclical, that the side effects associated with periods of rapid growth generate sufficient difficulties that periods of retrenchment are sure to follow.
Neoclassical economics teaches us to examine not just the short-run supply and demand effects. Rather, it is also important to consider the nature of long-run supply and demand conditions. In the short run, intense competition between private-equity groups may lead to a willingness to pay a premium for certain types of firms. This is unlikely to be a sustainable strategy in the long run: firms that persist in such a strategy will eventually achieve low returns and be unable to raise follow-on funds. The types of factors that will determine the long-run, steady-state supply of venture capital in the economy are likely to be more fundamental. These most likely will include the magnitude of fundamental technological innovation in the economy, the presence of liquid and competitive markets for venture capitalists to sell their investments and the willingness of highly skilled managers and engineers to work in entrepreneurial environments.
When one examines these more fundamental factors, there appears to have been quite substantial changes for the better over the past several decades. While the increase in innovative outputs can be seen through several measures, probably the clearest indication is in the extent of patenting. Patent applications by U.S. inventors have surged over the past decade to over 120 thousand per year. This does not appear to reflect the impact of changes in domestic patent policy or shifts in the success rate of applications. Rather, it appears to reflect a fundamental shift in the innovative fecundity in the domestic economy.
A second change has been in the development of what economists term "agglomeration economies" in the regions with the greatest venture capital activity. The efficiency of the venture capital process itself has been greatly augmented by the emergence of other intermediaries familiar with the workings of the venture process. The presence of such expertise on the part of lawyers, accountants, and real estate brokers, among others, has substantially lowered the transaction costs associated with forming and financing new firms. In short, the increasing familiarity with the venture capital process has itself made the long-term prospects for venture investment more attractive than they have ever been before, in this country or abroad. Much is still not yet known about the venture capital industry. The extent to which the U.S. venture model will spread overseas and the degree to which the American model will — or can — be successfully adapted during this process are particularly interesting questions.
Q. Which of the following factors CANNOT be considered 'fundamental' for the stable-supply of venture capital?
  • a)
    The extent of technological innovation that is considered fundamental to economy.
  • b)
    A ready market so that investments of venture capitalists are not blocked and can be sold.
  • c)
    Availability of sufficiently skilled personnel who are interested to engage in venture activities.
  • d)
    A competitive environment so that higher valuations for business firms can be achieved.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Most Upvoted Answer
Directions: Study the following information carefully and answer the ...
All options except option 4 are mentioned in 'These most likely will include the magnitude of fundamental technological...and engineers to work in entrepreneurial environments' in the 2nd paragraph. Option 4 is not fundamental, instead, it is a short term factor that may lead to negative outcomes like a failure to secure follow-on funds.
Attention CAT Students!
To make sure you are not studying endlessly, EduRev has designed CAT study material, with Structured Courses, Videos, & Test Series. Plus get personalized analysis, doubt solving and improvement plans to achieve a great score in CAT.
Explore Courses for CAT exam

Similar CAT Doubts

Directions: Study the following information carefully and answer the question.The supply of venture capital is likely to continue growing. Within the past two years, numerous government-backed pension funds have invested in private equity for the first time. Many experienced investors have also decided to increase their allocations. This growth naturally begs the question of sustainability. Short-run shifts in the supply of or demand for venture capital investments have had dramatic effects. For instance, periods with a rapid increase in capital commitments have led to less restrictive partnership agreements, large investments in portfolio firms, and higher valuations. These patterns have led many practitioners to conclude that the industry is inherently cyclical, that the side effects associated with periods of rapid growth generate sufficient difficulties that periods of retrenchment are sure to follow.Neoclassical economics teaches us to examine not just the short-run supply and demand effects. Rather, it is also important to consider the nature of long-run supply and demand conditions. In the short run, intense competition between private-equity groups may lead to a willingness to pay a premium for certain types of firms. This is unlikely to be a sustainable strategy in the long run: firms that persist in such a strategy will eventually achieve low returns and be unable to raise follow-on funds. The types of factors that will determine the long-run, steady-state supply of venture capital in the economy are likely to be more fundamental. These most likely will include the magnitude of fundamental technological innovation in the economy, the presence of liquid and competitive markets for venture capitalists to sell their investments and the willingness of highly skilled managers and engineers to work in entrepreneurial environments.When one examines these more fundamental factors, there appears to have been quite substantial changes for the better over the past several decades. While the increase in innovative outputs can be seen through several measures, probably the clearest indication is in the extent of patenting. Patent applications by U.S. inventors have surged over the past decade to over 120 thousand per year. This does not appear to reflect the impact of changes in domestic patent policy or shifts in the success rate of applications. Rather, it appears to reflect a fundamental shift in the innovative fecundity in the domestic economy.A second change has been in the development of what economists term "agglomeration economies" in the regions with the greatest venture capital activity. The efficiency of the venture capital process itself has been greatly augmented by the emergence of other intermediaries familiar with the workings of the venture process. The presence of such expertise on the part of lawyers, accountants, and real estate brokers, among others, has substantially lowered the transaction costs associated with forming and financing new firms. In short, the increasing familiarity with the venture capital process has itself made the long-term prospects for venture investment more attractive than they have ever been before, in this country or abroad. Much is still not yet known about the venture capital industry. The extent to which the U.S. venture model will spread overseas and the degree to which the American model will — or can — be successfully adapted during this process are particularly interesting questions.Q. Which of the following is true about the 'agglomeration economies' as mentioned in the passage?

Directions: Study the following information carefully and answer the question.The supply of venture capital is likely to continue growing. Within the past two years, numerous government-backed pension funds have invested in private equity for the first time. Many experienced investors have also decided to increase their allocations. This growth naturally begs the question of sustainability. Short-run shifts in the supply of or demand for venture capital investments have had dramatic effects. For instance, periods with a rapid increase in capital commitments have led to less restrictive partnership agreements, large investments in portfolio firms, and higher valuations. These patterns have led many practitioners to conclude that the industry is inherently cyclical, that the side effects associated with periods of rapid growth generate sufficient difficulties that periods of retrenchment are sure to follow.Neoclassical economics teaches us to examine not just the short-run supply and demand effects. Rather, it is also important to consider the nature of long-run supply and demand conditions. In the short run, intense competition between private-equity groups may lead to a willingness to pay a premium for certain types of firms. This is unlikely to be a sustainable strategy in the long run: firms that persist in such a strategy will eventually achieve low returns and be unable to raise follow-on funds. The types of factors that will determine the long-run, steady-state supply of venture capital in the economy are likely to be more fundamental. These most likely will include the magnitude of fundamental technological innovation in the economy, the presence of liquid and competitive markets for venture capitalists to sell their investments and the willingness of highly skilled managers and engineers to work in entrepreneurial environments.When one examines these more fundamental factors, there appears to have been quite substantial changes for the better over the past several decades. While the increase in innovative outputs can be seen through several measures, probably the clearest indication is in the extent of patenting. Patent applications by U.S. inventors have surged over the past decade to over 120 thousand per year. This does not appear to reflect the impact of changes in domestic patent policy or shifts in the success rate of applications. Rather, it appears to reflect a fundamental shift in the innovative fecundity in the domestic economy.A second change has been in the development of what economists term "agglomeration economies" in the regions with the greatest venture capital activity. The efficiency of the venture capital process itself has been greatly augmented by the emergence of other intermediaries familiar with the workings of the venture process. The presence of such expertise on the part of lawyers, accountants, and real estate brokers, among others, has substantially lowered the transaction costs associated with forming and financing new firms. In short, the increasing familiarity with the venture capital process has itself made the long-term prospects for venture investment more attractive than they have ever been before, in this country or abroad. Much is still not yet known about the venture capital industry. The extent to which the U.S. venture model will spread overseas and the degree to which the American model will — or can — be successfully adapted during this process are particularly interesting questions.Which of the following is a valid reason for many to believe that the 'industry is inherently cyclical'?

Directions: Study the following information carefully and answer the question.The supply of venture capital is likely to continue growing. Within the past two years, numerous government-backed pension funds have invested in private equity for the first time. Many experienced investors have also decided to increase their allocations. This growth naturally begs the question of sustainability. Short-run shifts in the supply of or demand for venture capital investments have had dramatic effects. For instance, periods with a rapid increase in capital commitments have led to less restrictive partnership agreements, large investments in portfolio firms, and higher valuations. These patterns have led many practitioners to conclude that the industry is inherently cyclical, that the side effects associated with periods of rapid growth generate sufficient difficulties that periods of retrenchment are sure to follow.Neoclassical economics teaches us to examine not just the short-run supply and demand effects. Rather, it is also important to consider the nature of long-run supply and demand conditions. In the short run, intense competition between private-equity groups may lead to a willingness to pay a premium for certain types of firms. This is unlikely to be a sustainable strategy in the long run: firms that persist in such a strategy will eventually achieve low returns and be unable to raise follow-on funds. The types of factors that will determine the long-run, steady-state supply of venture capital in the economy are likely to be more fundamental. These most likely will include the magnitude of fundamental technological innovation in the economy, the presence of liquid and competitive markets for venture capitalists to sell their investments and the willingness of highly skilled managers and engineers to work in entrepreneurial environments.When one examines these more fundamental factors, there appears to have been quite substantial changes for the better over the past several decades. While the increase in innovative outputs can be seen through several measures, probably the clearest indication is in the extent of patenting. Patent applications by U.S. inventors have surged over the past decade to over 120 thousand per year. This does not appear to reflect the impact of changes in domestic patent policy or shifts in the success rate of applications. Rather, it appears to reflect a fundamental shift in the innovative fecundity in the domestic economy.A second change has been in the development of what economists term "agglomeration economies" in the regions with the greatest venture capital activity. The efficiency of the venture capital process itself has been greatly augmented by the emergence of other intermediaries familiar with the workings of the venture process. The presence of such expertise on the part of lawyers, accountants, and real estate brokers, among others, has substantially lowered the transaction costs associated with forming and financing new firms. In short, the increasing familiarity with the venture capital process has itself made the long-term prospects for venture investment more attractive than they have ever been before, in this country or abroad. Much is still not yet known about the venture capital industry. The extent to which the U.S. venture model will spread overseas and the degree to which the American model will — or can — be successfully adapted during this process are particularly interesting questions.Why there has been a recent surge in the patenting activity in the US?

Directions: Study the following information carefully and answer the question.The supply of venture capital is likely to continue growing. Within the past two years, numerous government-backed pension funds have invested in private equity for the first time. Many experienced investors have also decided to increase their allocations. This growth naturally begs the question of sustainability. Short-run shifts in the supply of or demand for venture capital investments have had dramatic effects. For instance, periods with a rapid increase in capital commitments have led to less restrictive partnership agreements, large investments in portfolio firms, and higher valuations. These patterns have led many practitioners to conclude that the industry is inherently cyclical, that the side effects associated with periods of rapid growth generate sufficient difficulties that periods of retrenchment are sure to follow.Neoclassical economics teaches us to examine not just the short-run supply and demand effects. Rather, it is also important to consider the nature of long-run supply and demand conditions. In the short run, intense competition between private-equity groups may lead to a willingness to pay a premium for certain types of firms. This is unlikely to be a sustainable strategy in the long run: firms that persist in such a strategy will eventually achieve low returns and be unable to raise follow-on funds. The types of factors that will determine the long-run, steady-state supply of venture capital in the economy are likely to be more fundamental. These most likely will include the magnitude of fundamental technological innovation in the economy, the presence of liquid and competitive markets for venture capitalists to sell their investments and the willingness of highly skilled managers and engineers to work in entrepreneurial environments.When one examines these more fundamental factors, there appears to have been quite substantial changes for the better over the past several decades. While the increase in innovative outputs can be seen through several measures, probably the clearest indication is in the extent of patenting. Patent applications by U.S. inventors have surged over the past decade to over 120 thousand per year. This does not appear to reflect the impact of changes in domestic patent policy or shifts in the success rate of applications. Rather, it appears to reflect a fundamental shift in the innovative fecundity in the domestic economy.A second change has been in the development of what economists term "agglomeration economies" in the regions with the greatest venture capital activity. The efficiency of the venture capital process itself has been greatly augmented by the emergence of other intermediaries familiar with the workings of the venture process. The presence of such expertise on the part of lawyers, accountants, and real estate brokers, among others, has substantially lowered the transaction costs associated with forming and financing new firms. In short, the increasing familiarity with the venture capital process has itself made the long-term prospects for venture investment more attractive than they have ever been before, in this country or abroad. Much is still not yet known about the venture capital industry. The extent to which the U.S. venture model will spread overseas and the degree to which the American model will — or can — be successfully adapted during this process are particularly interesting questions.The author will agree with each of the following statements, EXCEPT

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the given question. Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering the question.Technological change is recognised as one of the main drivers of long-term growth. In the coming decades, radical innovations such as mobile internet and cloud computing are likely to revolutionise production processes, particularly in developing countries.It is undebatable that technology makes production processes more efficient, thereby increasing the competitiveness of countries and reducing their vulnerability to market fluctuations. Structural change, i.e. the transition from a labour-intensive to a technology-intensive economy, drives economic upgrading. Low income countries thus acquire the necessary capabilities to catch up and reduce the gap with per capita incomes in high income countries.Catching up, unfortunately, does not occur frequently. In the last 50 years, only a few countries were successful in rapidly industrialising and achieving sustained economic growth. Technology was always a key driver in these cases and they successfully developed an advanced technology-intensive industry.Though technology is linked to sustainable growth, it is uncertain whether it can simultaneously create social inclusiveness and environmental sustainability. Technological change also requires the labour force to be prepared to use increasingly complex machinery and equipment, which widens the inequality between highly skilled and unskilled workers in terms of wage distribution. Industrialisation has historically been accompanied by increasing pollution and the depletion of natural resources. Economic growth also entails a rise in the use of inputs, materials and fossil fuels, which generate environmental pollution and degradation, especially in low income countries.From an economic point of view, globalisation and the fragmentation of production at international level have facilitated the diffusion of new technologies through the intensification of trade in sophisticated manufacturing goods. However, this diffusion of technology has in many cases not translated into concrete growth opportunities due to the lack of technological capabilities and the capacity of countries to promote innovation systems. Innovation needs to be supported by appropriate interventions that strengthen the process from technology invention to adoption by firms as was the case in benchmark countries such as China and the Republic of Korea.Even though technology and automation generally improve people's working conditions, the number of jobs may decrease as a result, with workers being replaced by machines. But, the technological change itself can mitigate this effect. New technologies also generate new markets, for example the waste and recycling industry, reduce the prices of consumer goods and provide opportunities for new investments with higher levels of profitability. Most importantly, the expansion of new technologically-intensive industries absorbs those workers who have lost their jobs to machines.Despite these positive dynamics, the current trend of technological change does not guarantee that we will follow a sustainable path in the future.Q. According to the passage, which of the following is a key benefit of adopting technology?

Directions: Study the following information carefully and answer the question.The supply of venture capital is likely to continue growing. Within the past two years, numerous government-backed pension funds have invested in private equity for the first time. Many experienced investors have also decided to increase their allocations. This growth naturally begs the question of sustainability. Short-run shifts in the supply of or demand for venture capital investments have had dramatic effects. For instance, periods with a rapid increase in capital commitments have led to less restrictive partnership agreements, large investments in portfolio firms, and higher valuations. These patterns have led many practitioners to conclude that the industry is inherently cyclical, that the side effects associated with periods of rapid growth generate sufficient difficulties that periods of retrenchment are sure to follow.Neoclassical economics teaches us to examine not just the short-run supply and demand effects. Rather, it is also important to consider the nature of long-run supply and demand conditions. In the short run, intense competition between private-equity groups may lead to a willingness to pay a premium for certain types of firms. This is unlikely to be a sustainable strategy in the long run: firms that persist in such a strategy will eventually achieve low returns and be unable to raise follow-on funds. The types of factors that will determine the long-run, steady-state supply of venture capital in the economy are likely to be more fundamental. These most likely will include the magnitude of fundamental technological innovation in the economy, the presence of liquid and competitive markets for venture capitalists to sell their investments and the willingness of highly skilled managers and engineers to work in entrepreneurial environments.When one examines these more fundamental factors, there appears to have been quite substantial changes for the better over the past several decades. While the increase in innovative outputs can be seen through several measures, probably the clearest indication is in the extent of patenting. Patent applications by U.S. inventors have surged over the past decade to over 120 thousand per year. This does not appear to reflect the impact of changes in domestic patent policy or shifts in the success rate of applications. Rather, it appears to reflect a fundamental shift in the innovative fecundity in the domestic economy.A second change has been in the development of what economists term "agglomeration economies" in the regions with the greatest venture capital activity. The efficiency of the venture capital process itself has been greatly augmented by the emergence of other intermediaries familiar with the workings of the venture process. The presence of such expertise on the part of lawyers, accountants, and real estate brokers, among others, has substantially lowered the transaction costs associated with forming and financing new firms. In short, the increasing familiarity with the venture capital process has itself made the long-term prospects for venture investment more attractive than they have ever been before, in this country or abroad. Much is still not yet known about the venture capital industry. The extent to which the U.S. venture model will spread overseas and the degree to which the American model will — or can — be successfully adapted during this process are particularly interesting questions.Q. Which of the following factors CANNOT be considered 'fundamental' for the stable-supply of venture capital?a)The extent of technological innovation that is considered fundamental to economy.b)A ready market so that investments of venture capitalists are not blocked and can be sold.c)Availability of sufficiently skilled personnel who are interested to engage in venture activities.d)A competitive environment so that higher valuations for business firms can be achieved.Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Question Description
Directions: Study the following information carefully and answer the question.The supply of venture capital is likely to continue growing. Within the past two years, numerous government-backed pension funds have invested in private equity for the first time. Many experienced investors have also decided to increase their allocations. This growth naturally begs the question of sustainability. Short-run shifts in the supply of or demand for venture capital investments have had dramatic effects. For instance, periods with a rapid increase in capital commitments have led to less restrictive partnership agreements, large investments in portfolio firms, and higher valuations. These patterns have led many practitioners to conclude that the industry is inherently cyclical, that the side effects associated with periods of rapid growth generate sufficient difficulties that periods of retrenchment are sure to follow.Neoclassical economics teaches us to examine not just the short-run supply and demand effects. Rather, it is also important to consider the nature of long-run supply and demand conditions. In the short run, intense competition between private-equity groups may lead to a willingness to pay a premium for certain types of firms. This is unlikely to be a sustainable strategy in the long run: firms that persist in such a strategy will eventually achieve low returns and be unable to raise follow-on funds. The types of factors that will determine the long-run, steady-state supply of venture capital in the economy are likely to be more fundamental. These most likely will include the magnitude of fundamental technological innovation in the economy, the presence of liquid and competitive markets for venture capitalists to sell their investments and the willingness of highly skilled managers and engineers to work in entrepreneurial environments.When one examines these more fundamental factors, there appears to have been quite substantial changes for the better over the past several decades. While the increase in innovative outputs can be seen through several measures, probably the clearest indication is in the extent of patenting. Patent applications by U.S. inventors have surged over the past decade to over 120 thousand per year. This does not appear to reflect the impact of changes in domestic patent policy or shifts in the success rate of applications. Rather, it appears to reflect a fundamental shift in the innovative fecundity in the domestic economy.A second change has been in the development of what economists term "agglomeration economies" in the regions with the greatest venture capital activity. The efficiency of the venture capital process itself has been greatly augmented by the emergence of other intermediaries familiar with the workings of the venture process. The presence of such expertise on the part of lawyers, accountants, and real estate brokers, among others, has substantially lowered the transaction costs associated with forming and financing new firms. In short, the increasing familiarity with the venture capital process has itself made the long-term prospects for venture investment more attractive than they have ever been before, in this country or abroad. Much is still not yet known about the venture capital industry. The extent to which the U.S. venture model will spread overseas and the degree to which the American model will — or can — be successfully adapted during this process are particularly interesting questions.Q. Which of the following factors CANNOT be considered 'fundamental' for the stable-supply of venture capital?a)The extent of technological innovation that is considered fundamental to economy.b)A ready market so that investments of venture capitalists are not blocked and can be sold.c)Availability of sufficiently skilled personnel who are interested to engage in venture activities.d)A competitive environment so that higher valuations for business firms can be achieved.Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer? for CAT 2024 is part of CAT preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the CAT exam syllabus. Information about Directions: Study the following information carefully and answer the question.The supply of venture capital is likely to continue growing. Within the past two years, numerous government-backed pension funds have invested in private equity for the first time. Many experienced investors have also decided to increase their allocations. This growth naturally begs the question of sustainability. Short-run shifts in the supply of or demand for venture capital investments have had dramatic effects. For instance, periods with a rapid increase in capital commitments have led to less restrictive partnership agreements, large investments in portfolio firms, and higher valuations. These patterns have led many practitioners to conclude that the industry is inherently cyclical, that the side effects associated with periods of rapid growth generate sufficient difficulties that periods of retrenchment are sure to follow.Neoclassical economics teaches us to examine not just the short-run supply and demand effects. Rather, it is also important to consider the nature of long-run supply and demand conditions. In the short run, intense competition between private-equity groups may lead to a willingness to pay a premium for certain types of firms. This is unlikely to be a sustainable strategy in the long run: firms that persist in such a strategy will eventually achieve low returns and be unable to raise follow-on funds. The types of factors that will determine the long-run, steady-state supply of venture capital in the economy are likely to be more fundamental. These most likely will include the magnitude of fundamental technological innovation in the economy, the presence of liquid and competitive markets for venture capitalists to sell their investments and the willingness of highly skilled managers and engineers to work in entrepreneurial environments.When one examines these more fundamental factors, there appears to have been quite substantial changes for the better over the past several decades. While the increase in innovative outputs can be seen through several measures, probably the clearest indication is in the extent of patenting. Patent applications by U.S. inventors have surged over the past decade to over 120 thousand per year. This does not appear to reflect the impact of changes in domestic patent policy or shifts in the success rate of applications. Rather, it appears to reflect a fundamental shift in the innovative fecundity in the domestic economy.A second change has been in the development of what economists term "agglomeration economies" in the regions with the greatest venture capital activity. The efficiency of the venture capital process itself has been greatly augmented by the emergence of other intermediaries familiar with the workings of the venture process. The presence of such expertise on the part of lawyers, accountants, and real estate brokers, among others, has substantially lowered the transaction costs associated with forming and financing new firms. In short, the increasing familiarity with the venture capital process has itself made the long-term prospects for venture investment more attractive than they have ever been before, in this country or abroad. Much is still not yet known about the venture capital industry. The extent to which the U.S. venture model will spread overseas and the degree to which the American model will — or can — be successfully adapted during this process are particularly interesting questions.Q. Which of the following factors CANNOT be considered 'fundamental' for the stable-supply of venture capital?a)The extent of technological innovation that is considered fundamental to economy.b)A ready market so that investments of venture capitalists are not blocked and can be sold.c)Availability of sufficiently skilled personnel who are interested to engage in venture activities.d)A competitive environment so that higher valuations for business firms can be achieved.Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for CAT 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Directions: Study the following information carefully and answer the question.The supply of venture capital is likely to continue growing. Within the past two years, numerous government-backed pension funds have invested in private equity for the first time. Many experienced investors have also decided to increase their allocations. This growth naturally begs the question of sustainability. Short-run shifts in the supply of or demand for venture capital investments have had dramatic effects. For instance, periods with a rapid increase in capital commitments have led to less restrictive partnership agreements, large investments in portfolio firms, and higher valuations. These patterns have led many practitioners to conclude that the industry is inherently cyclical, that the side effects associated with periods of rapid growth generate sufficient difficulties that periods of retrenchment are sure to follow.Neoclassical economics teaches us to examine not just the short-run supply and demand effects. Rather, it is also important to consider the nature of long-run supply and demand conditions. In the short run, intense competition between private-equity groups may lead to a willingness to pay a premium for certain types of firms. This is unlikely to be a sustainable strategy in the long run: firms that persist in such a strategy will eventually achieve low returns and be unable to raise follow-on funds. The types of factors that will determine the long-run, steady-state supply of venture capital in the economy are likely to be more fundamental. These most likely will include the magnitude of fundamental technological innovation in the economy, the presence of liquid and competitive markets for venture capitalists to sell their investments and the willingness of highly skilled managers and engineers to work in entrepreneurial environments.When one examines these more fundamental factors, there appears to have been quite substantial changes for the better over the past several decades. While the increase in innovative outputs can be seen through several measures, probably the clearest indication is in the extent of patenting. Patent applications by U.S. inventors have surged over the past decade to over 120 thousand per year. This does not appear to reflect the impact of changes in domestic patent policy or shifts in the success rate of applications. Rather, it appears to reflect a fundamental shift in the innovative fecundity in the domestic economy.A second change has been in the development of what economists term "agglomeration economies" in the regions with the greatest venture capital activity. The efficiency of the venture capital process itself has been greatly augmented by the emergence of other intermediaries familiar with the workings of the venture process. The presence of such expertise on the part of lawyers, accountants, and real estate brokers, among others, has substantially lowered the transaction costs associated with forming and financing new firms. In short, the increasing familiarity with the venture capital process has itself made the long-term prospects for venture investment more attractive than they have ever been before, in this country or abroad. Much is still not yet known about the venture capital industry. The extent to which the U.S. venture model will spread overseas and the degree to which the American model will — or can — be successfully adapted during this process are particularly interesting questions.Q. Which of the following factors CANNOT be considered 'fundamental' for the stable-supply of venture capital?a)The extent of technological innovation that is considered fundamental to economy.b)A ready market so that investments of venture capitalists are not blocked and can be sold.c)Availability of sufficiently skilled personnel who are interested to engage in venture activities.d)A competitive environment so that higher valuations for business firms can be achieved.Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?.
Solutions for Directions: Study the following information carefully and answer the question.The supply of venture capital is likely to continue growing. Within the past two years, numerous government-backed pension funds have invested in private equity for the first time. Many experienced investors have also decided to increase their allocations. This growth naturally begs the question of sustainability. Short-run shifts in the supply of or demand for venture capital investments have had dramatic effects. For instance, periods with a rapid increase in capital commitments have led to less restrictive partnership agreements, large investments in portfolio firms, and higher valuations. These patterns have led many practitioners to conclude that the industry is inherently cyclical, that the side effects associated with periods of rapid growth generate sufficient difficulties that periods of retrenchment are sure to follow.Neoclassical economics teaches us to examine not just the short-run supply and demand effects. Rather, it is also important to consider the nature of long-run supply and demand conditions. In the short run, intense competition between private-equity groups may lead to a willingness to pay a premium for certain types of firms. This is unlikely to be a sustainable strategy in the long run: firms that persist in such a strategy will eventually achieve low returns and be unable to raise follow-on funds. The types of factors that will determine the long-run, steady-state supply of venture capital in the economy are likely to be more fundamental. These most likely will include the magnitude of fundamental technological innovation in the economy, the presence of liquid and competitive markets for venture capitalists to sell their investments and the willingness of highly skilled managers and engineers to work in entrepreneurial environments.When one examines these more fundamental factors, there appears to have been quite substantial changes for the better over the past several decades. While the increase in innovative outputs can be seen through several measures, probably the clearest indication is in the extent of patenting. Patent applications by U.S. inventors have surged over the past decade to over 120 thousand per year. This does not appear to reflect the impact of changes in domestic patent policy or shifts in the success rate of applications. Rather, it appears to reflect a fundamental shift in the innovative fecundity in the domestic economy.A second change has been in the development of what economists term "agglomeration economies" in the regions with the greatest venture capital activity. The efficiency of the venture capital process itself has been greatly augmented by the emergence of other intermediaries familiar with the workings of the venture process. The presence of such expertise on the part of lawyers, accountants, and real estate brokers, among others, has substantially lowered the transaction costs associated with forming and financing new firms. In short, the increasing familiarity with the venture capital process has itself made the long-term prospects for venture investment more attractive than they have ever been before, in this country or abroad. Much is still not yet known about the venture capital industry. The extent to which the U.S. venture model will spread overseas and the degree to which the American model will — or can — be successfully adapted during this process are particularly interesting questions.Q. Which of the following factors CANNOT be considered 'fundamental' for the stable-supply of venture capital?a)The extent of technological innovation that is considered fundamental to economy.b)A ready market so that investments of venture capitalists are not blocked and can be sold.c)Availability of sufficiently skilled personnel who are interested to engage in venture activities.d)A competitive environment so that higher valuations for business firms can be achieved.Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer? in English & in Hindi are available as part of our courses for CAT. Download more important topics, notes, lectures and mock test series for CAT Exam by signing up for free.
Here you can find the meaning of Directions: Study the following information carefully and answer the question.The supply of venture capital is likely to continue growing. Within the past two years, numerous government-backed pension funds have invested in private equity for the first time. Many experienced investors have also decided to increase their allocations. This growth naturally begs the question of sustainability. Short-run shifts in the supply of or demand for venture capital investments have had dramatic effects. For instance, periods with a rapid increase in capital commitments have led to less restrictive partnership agreements, large investments in portfolio firms, and higher valuations. These patterns have led many practitioners to conclude that the industry is inherently cyclical, that the side effects associated with periods of rapid growth generate sufficient difficulties that periods of retrenchment are sure to follow.Neoclassical economics teaches us to examine not just the short-run supply and demand effects. Rather, it is also important to consider the nature of long-run supply and demand conditions. In the short run, intense competition between private-equity groups may lead to a willingness to pay a premium for certain types of firms. This is unlikely to be a sustainable strategy in the long run: firms that persist in such a strategy will eventually achieve low returns and be unable to raise follow-on funds. The types of factors that will determine the long-run, steady-state supply of venture capital in the economy are likely to be more fundamental. These most likely will include the magnitude of fundamental technological innovation in the economy, the presence of liquid and competitive markets for venture capitalists to sell their investments and the willingness of highly skilled managers and engineers to work in entrepreneurial environments.When one examines these more fundamental factors, there appears to have been quite substantial changes for the better over the past several decades. While the increase in innovative outputs can be seen through several measures, probably the clearest indication is in the extent of patenting. Patent applications by U.S. inventors have surged over the past decade to over 120 thousand per year. This does not appear to reflect the impact of changes in domestic patent policy or shifts in the success rate of applications. Rather, it appears to reflect a fundamental shift in the innovative fecundity in the domestic economy.A second change has been in the development of what economists term "agglomeration economies" in the regions with the greatest venture capital activity. The efficiency of the venture capital process itself has been greatly augmented by the emergence of other intermediaries familiar with the workings of the venture process. The presence of such expertise on the part of lawyers, accountants, and real estate brokers, among others, has substantially lowered the transaction costs associated with forming and financing new firms. In short, the increasing familiarity with the venture capital process has itself made the long-term prospects for venture investment more attractive than they have ever been before, in this country or abroad. Much is still not yet known about the venture capital industry. The extent to which the U.S. venture model will spread overseas and the degree to which the American model will — or can — be successfully adapted during this process are particularly interesting questions.Q. Which of the following factors CANNOT be considered 'fundamental' for the stable-supply of venture capital?a)The extent of technological innovation that is considered fundamental to economy.b)A ready market so that investments of venture capitalists are not blocked and can be sold.c)Availability of sufficiently skilled personnel who are interested to engage in venture activities.d)A competitive environment so that higher valuations for business firms can be achieved.Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer? defined & explained in the simplest way possible. Besides giving the explanation of Directions: Study the following information carefully and answer the question.The supply of venture capital is likely to continue growing. Within the past two years, numerous government-backed pension funds have invested in private equity for the first time. Many experienced investors have also decided to increase their allocations. This growth naturally begs the question of sustainability. Short-run shifts in the supply of or demand for venture capital investments have had dramatic effects. For instance, periods with a rapid increase in capital commitments have led to less restrictive partnership agreements, large investments in portfolio firms, and higher valuations. These patterns have led many practitioners to conclude that the industry is inherently cyclical, that the side effects associated with periods of rapid growth generate sufficient difficulties that periods of retrenchment are sure to follow.Neoclassical economics teaches us to examine not just the short-run supply and demand effects. Rather, it is also important to consider the nature of long-run supply and demand conditions. In the short run, intense competition between private-equity groups may lead to a willingness to pay a premium for certain types of firms. This is unlikely to be a sustainable strategy in the long run: firms that persist in such a strategy will eventually achieve low returns and be unable to raise follow-on funds. The types of factors that will determine the long-run, steady-state supply of venture capital in the economy are likely to be more fundamental. These most likely will include the magnitude of fundamental technological innovation in the economy, the presence of liquid and competitive markets for venture capitalists to sell their investments and the willingness of highly skilled managers and engineers to work in entrepreneurial environments.When one examines these more fundamental factors, there appears to have been quite substantial changes for the better over the past several decades. While the increase in innovative outputs can be seen through several measures, probably the clearest indication is in the extent of patenting. Patent applications by U.S. inventors have surged over the past decade to over 120 thousand per year. This does not appear to reflect the impact of changes in domestic patent policy or shifts in the success rate of applications. Rather, it appears to reflect a fundamental shift in the innovative fecundity in the domestic economy.A second change has been in the development of what economists term "agglomeration economies" in the regions with the greatest venture capital activity. The efficiency of the venture capital process itself has been greatly augmented by the emergence of other intermediaries familiar with the workings of the venture process. The presence of such expertise on the part of lawyers, accountants, and real estate brokers, among others, has substantially lowered the transaction costs associated with forming and financing new firms. In short, the increasing familiarity with the venture capital process has itself made the long-term prospects for venture investment more attractive than they have ever been before, in this country or abroad. Much is still not yet known about the venture capital industry. The extent to which the U.S. venture model will spread overseas and the degree to which the American model will — or can — be successfully adapted during this process are particularly interesting questions.Q. Which of the following factors CANNOT be considered 'fundamental' for the stable-supply of venture capital?a)The extent of technological innovation that is considered fundamental to economy.b)A ready market so that investments of venture capitalists are not blocked and can be sold.c)Availability of sufficiently skilled personnel who are interested to engage in venture activities.d)A competitive environment so that higher valuations for business firms can be achieved.Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?, a detailed solution for Directions: Study the following information carefully and answer the question.The supply of venture capital is likely to continue growing. Within the past two years, numerous government-backed pension funds have invested in private equity for the first time. Many experienced investors have also decided to increase their allocations. This growth naturally begs the question of sustainability. Short-run shifts in the supply of or demand for venture capital investments have had dramatic effects. For instance, periods with a rapid increase in capital commitments have led to less restrictive partnership agreements, large investments in portfolio firms, and higher valuations. These patterns have led many practitioners to conclude that the industry is inherently cyclical, that the side effects associated with periods of rapid growth generate sufficient difficulties that periods of retrenchment are sure to follow.Neoclassical economics teaches us to examine not just the short-run supply and demand effects. Rather, it is also important to consider the nature of long-run supply and demand conditions. In the short run, intense competition between private-equity groups may lead to a willingness to pay a premium for certain types of firms. This is unlikely to be a sustainable strategy in the long run: firms that persist in such a strategy will eventually achieve low returns and be unable to raise follow-on funds. The types of factors that will determine the long-run, steady-state supply of venture capital in the economy are likely to be more fundamental. These most likely will include the magnitude of fundamental technological innovation in the economy, the presence of liquid and competitive markets for venture capitalists to sell their investments and the willingness of highly skilled managers and engineers to work in entrepreneurial environments.When one examines these more fundamental factors, there appears to have been quite substantial changes for the better over the past several decades. While the increase in innovative outputs can be seen through several measures, probably the clearest indication is in the extent of patenting. Patent applications by U.S. inventors have surged over the past decade to over 120 thousand per year. This does not appear to reflect the impact of changes in domestic patent policy or shifts in the success rate of applications. Rather, it appears to reflect a fundamental shift in the innovative fecundity in the domestic economy.A second change has been in the development of what economists term "agglomeration economies" in the regions with the greatest venture capital activity. The efficiency of the venture capital process itself has been greatly augmented by the emergence of other intermediaries familiar with the workings of the venture process. The presence of such expertise on the part of lawyers, accountants, and real estate brokers, among others, has substantially lowered the transaction costs associated with forming and financing new firms. In short, the increasing familiarity with the venture capital process has itself made the long-term prospects for venture investment more attractive than they have ever been before, in this country or abroad. Much is still not yet known about the venture capital industry. The extent to which the U.S. venture model will spread overseas and the degree to which the American model will — or can — be successfully adapted during this process are particularly interesting questions.Q. Which of the following factors CANNOT be considered 'fundamental' for the stable-supply of venture capital?a)The extent of technological innovation that is considered fundamental to economy.b)A ready market so that investments of venture capitalists are not blocked and can be sold.c)Availability of sufficiently skilled personnel who are interested to engage in venture activities.d)A competitive environment so that higher valuations for business firms can be achieved.Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer? has been provided alongside types of Directions: Study the following information carefully and answer the question.The supply of venture capital is likely to continue growing. Within the past two years, numerous government-backed pension funds have invested in private equity for the first time. Many experienced investors have also decided to increase their allocations. This growth naturally begs the question of sustainability. Short-run shifts in the supply of or demand for venture capital investments have had dramatic effects. For instance, periods with a rapid increase in capital commitments have led to less restrictive partnership agreements, large investments in portfolio firms, and higher valuations. These patterns have led many practitioners to conclude that the industry is inherently cyclical, that the side effects associated with periods of rapid growth generate sufficient difficulties that periods of retrenchment are sure to follow.Neoclassical economics teaches us to examine not just the short-run supply and demand effects. Rather, it is also important to consider the nature of long-run supply and demand conditions. In the short run, intense competition between private-equity groups may lead to a willingness to pay a premium for certain types of firms. This is unlikely to be a sustainable strategy in the long run: firms that persist in such a strategy will eventually achieve low returns and be unable to raise follow-on funds. The types of factors that will determine the long-run, steady-state supply of venture capital in the economy are likely to be more fundamental. These most likely will include the magnitude of fundamental technological innovation in the economy, the presence of liquid and competitive markets for venture capitalists to sell their investments and the willingness of highly skilled managers and engineers to work in entrepreneurial environments.When one examines these more fundamental factors, there appears to have been quite substantial changes for the better over the past several decades. While the increase in innovative outputs can be seen through several measures, probably the clearest indication is in the extent of patenting. Patent applications by U.S. inventors have surged over the past decade to over 120 thousand per year. This does not appear to reflect the impact of changes in domestic patent policy or shifts in the success rate of applications. Rather, it appears to reflect a fundamental shift in the innovative fecundity in the domestic economy.A second change has been in the development of what economists term "agglomeration economies" in the regions with the greatest venture capital activity. The efficiency of the venture capital process itself has been greatly augmented by the emergence of other intermediaries familiar with the workings of the venture process. The presence of such expertise on the part of lawyers, accountants, and real estate brokers, among others, has substantially lowered the transaction costs associated with forming and financing new firms. In short, the increasing familiarity with the venture capital process has itself made the long-term prospects for venture investment more attractive than they have ever been before, in this country or abroad. Much is still not yet known about the venture capital industry. The extent to which the U.S. venture model will spread overseas and the degree to which the American model will — or can — be successfully adapted during this process are particularly interesting questions.Q. Which of the following factors CANNOT be considered 'fundamental' for the stable-supply of venture capital?a)The extent of technological innovation that is considered fundamental to economy.b)A ready market so that investments of venture capitalists are not blocked and can be sold.c)Availability of sufficiently skilled personnel who are interested to engage in venture activities.d)A competitive environment so that higher valuations for business firms can be achieved.Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer? theory, EduRev gives you an ample number of questions to practice Directions: Study the following information carefully and answer the question.The supply of venture capital is likely to continue growing. Within the past two years, numerous government-backed pension funds have invested in private equity for the first time. Many experienced investors have also decided to increase their allocations. This growth naturally begs the question of sustainability. Short-run shifts in the supply of or demand for venture capital investments have had dramatic effects. For instance, periods with a rapid increase in capital commitments have led to less restrictive partnership agreements, large investments in portfolio firms, and higher valuations. These patterns have led many practitioners to conclude that the industry is inherently cyclical, that the side effects associated with periods of rapid growth generate sufficient difficulties that periods of retrenchment are sure to follow.Neoclassical economics teaches us to examine not just the short-run supply and demand effects. Rather, it is also important to consider the nature of long-run supply and demand conditions. In the short run, intense competition between private-equity groups may lead to a willingness to pay a premium for certain types of firms. This is unlikely to be a sustainable strategy in the long run: firms that persist in such a strategy will eventually achieve low returns and be unable to raise follow-on funds. The types of factors that will determine the long-run, steady-state supply of venture capital in the economy are likely to be more fundamental. These most likely will include the magnitude of fundamental technological innovation in the economy, the presence of liquid and competitive markets for venture capitalists to sell their investments and the willingness of highly skilled managers and engineers to work in entrepreneurial environments.When one examines these more fundamental factors, there appears to have been quite substantial changes for the better over the past several decades. While the increase in innovative outputs can be seen through several measures, probably the clearest indication is in the extent of patenting. Patent applications by U.S. inventors have surged over the past decade to over 120 thousand per year. This does not appear to reflect the impact of changes in domestic patent policy or shifts in the success rate of applications. Rather, it appears to reflect a fundamental shift in the innovative fecundity in the domestic economy.A second change has been in the development of what economists term "agglomeration economies" in the regions with the greatest venture capital activity. The efficiency of the venture capital process itself has been greatly augmented by the emergence of other intermediaries familiar with the workings of the venture process. The presence of such expertise on the part of lawyers, accountants, and real estate brokers, among others, has substantially lowered the transaction costs associated with forming and financing new firms. In short, the increasing familiarity with the venture capital process has itself made the long-term prospects for venture investment more attractive than they have ever been before, in this country or abroad. Much is still not yet known about the venture capital industry. The extent to which the U.S. venture model will spread overseas and the degree to which the American model will — or can — be successfully adapted during this process are particularly interesting questions.Q. Which of the following factors CANNOT be considered 'fundamental' for the stable-supply of venture capital?a)The extent of technological innovation that is considered fundamental to economy.b)A ready market so that investments of venture capitalists are not blocked and can be sold.c)Availability of sufficiently skilled personnel who are interested to engage in venture activities.d)A competitive environment so that higher valuations for business firms can be achieved.Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer? tests, examples and also practice CAT tests.
Explore Courses for CAT exam

Top Courses for CAT

Explore Courses
Signup for Free!
Signup to see your scores go up within 7 days! Learn & Practice with 1000+ FREE Notes, Videos & Tests.
10M+ students study on EduRev