Packet switching and circuit switching are the two methods used to move data through a network of links and switches.

Packet Switching:
- Packet switching is a method where data is divided into small packets and transmitted separately.
- Each packet contains a portion of the data along with addressing information.
- The packets are then transmitted over the network individually and may take different routes to reach the destination.
- At the destination, the packets are reassembled to recreate the original data.
- This method is commonly used in modern computer networks, including the Internet.
- It allows for efficient use of network resources as the packets can be routed dynamically and independently.

Circuit Switching:
- Circuit switching is a method where a dedicated communication path is established between the source and destination before the data transfer.
- The path remains constant throughout the communication session.
- Once the path is established, the data is transmitted in a continuous stream.
- This method is commonly used in traditional telephone networks.
- It guarantees a fixed bandwidth for the communication session but may result in inefficient use of network resources if the bandwidth is not fully utilized.

Advantages of Packet Switching:
- Efficient use of network resources: Packet switching allows for dynamic routing of packets, which optimizes the use of available network resources.
- Error handling: In packet switching, each packet contains error-checking information. If a packet is corrupted during transmission, only that specific packet needs to be retransmitted.
- Scalability: Packet switching networks can handle a large number of simultaneous connections, making them suitable for modern communication needs.

Advantages of Circuit Switching:
- Guaranteed bandwidth: Circuit switching provides a fixed bandwidth throughout the communication session, ensuring a reliable and consistent connection.
- Low latency: As the path is established before the data transfer, there is minimal delay in transmitting the data.
- Suitable for real-time applications: Circuit switching is commonly used in applications that require real-time communication, such as voice and video calls.

In conclusion, both packet switching and circuit switching have their advantages and are used in different scenarios. Packet switching is more commonly used in modern computer networks due to its efficiency and scalability, while circuit switching is still used in applications that require guaranteed bandwidth and low latency.