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In the complete turbulence zone in rough pipes, the
- a)Friction sector is constant for all relative roughness
- b)Laminar film covers the roughness projection
- c)Friction factor depends only on the Reynolds number
- d)Head loss varies as the square of the velocity
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
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In the complete turbulence zone in rough pipes, thea)Friction sector ...
For turbulence zone, Darcy Weishbach equation of head loss is
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In the complete turbulence zone in rough pipes, thea)Friction sector ...
Explanation:
Friction factor in rough pipes:
In the complete turbulence zone in rough pipes, the friction factor does not depend only on the Reynolds number. It also depends on the relative roughness of the pipe wall. The friction factor is a measure of the resistance to flow in a pipe and is commonly denoted by the symbol f. It is given by the Darcy-Weisbach equation:
f = (ΔP / (L/D) * (1/2 * ρ * V^2)
Where:
- ΔP is the pressure drop across the pipe
- L is the length of the pipe
- D is the diameter of the pipe
- ρ is the density of the fluid
- V is the velocity of the fluid
Head loss and velocity:
The head loss in a pipe is directly proportional to the square of the velocity. This is known as the Bernoulli equation and is given by:
ΔP / ρg + V^2 / 2g + Z = constant
Where:
- ΔP is the pressure drop
- ρ is the density of the fluid
- g is the acceleration due to gravity
- V is the velocity of the fluid
- Z is the elevation of the fluid
Since the pressure drop is directly proportional to the head loss, and the head loss is directly proportional to the square of the velocity, it follows that the pressure drop is also directly proportional to the square of the velocity.
Conclusion:
Therefore, in the complete turbulence zone in rough pipes, the head loss varies as the square of the velocity (option D is correct). The friction factor depends not only on the Reynolds number but also on the relative roughness of the pipe wall. The laminar film does not cover the roughness projection, and the friction sector is not constant for all relative roughness.
Friction factor in rough pipes:
In the complete turbulence zone in rough pipes, the friction factor does not depend only on the Reynolds number. It also depends on the relative roughness of the pipe wall. The friction factor is a measure of the resistance to flow in a pipe and is commonly denoted by the symbol f. It is given by the Darcy-Weisbach equation:
f = (ΔP / (L/D) * (1/2 * ρ * V^2)
Where:
- ΔP is the pressure drop across the pipe
- L is the length of the pipe
- D is the diameter of the pipe
- ρ is the density of the fluid
- V is the velocity of the fluid
Head loss and velocity:
The head loss in a pipe is directly proportional to the square of the velocity. This is known as the Bernoulli equation and is given by:
ΔP / ρg + V^2 / 2g + Z = constant
Where:
- ΔP is the pressure drop
- ρ is the density of the fluid
- g is the acceleration due to gravity
- V is the velocity of the fluid
- Z is the elevation of the fluid
Since the pressure drop is directly proportional to the head loss, and the head loss is directly proportional to the square of the velocity, it follows that the pressure drop is also directly proportional to the square of the velocity.
Conclusion:
Therefore, in the complete turbulence zone in rough pipes, the head loss varies as the square of the velocity (option D is correct). The friction factor depends not only on the Reynolds number but also on the relative roughness of the pipe wall. The laminar film does not cover the roughness projection, and the friction sector is not constant for all relative roughness.
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In the complete turbulence zone in rough pipes, thea)Friction sector is constant for all relative roughnessb)Laminar film covers the roughness projectionc)Friction factor depends only on the Reynolds numberd)Head loss varies as the square of the velocityCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
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