The ACID properties are a set of characteristics that guarantee reliability and consistency in database transactions. ACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability. Let's examine each property and identify which options are not a part of them.

1. Atomicity:
Atomicity ensures that a transaction is treated as a single, indivisible unit of work. It means that either all the operations within a transaction are executed successfully, or none of them are executed at all.

2. Consistency:
Consistency ensures that a transaction brings the database from one consistent state to another. It means that the data should satisfy all the integrity constraints, validations, and business rules defined in the database schema.

3. Isolation:
Isolation ensures that concurrent transactions do not interfere with each other. Each transaction should be executed in isolation, as if it is the only transaction being executed on the database. This prevents issues such as dirty reads, non-repeatable reads, and phantom reads.

4. Durability:
Durability ensures that once a transaction is committed, its changes are permanent and will survive any subsequent failures, such as power outages or system crashes. The changes made by a committed transaction become a permanent part of the database.



Now let's identify which options are not a part of the ACID properties:

a) Atomicity: This option is a part of the ACID properties. It ensures that all operations within a transaction are executed successfully or none of them are executed at all.

b) Consistency: This option is a part of the ACID properties. It ensures that a transaction brings the database from one consistent state to another.

c) Duration: This option is not a part of the ACID properties. Duration refers to the time taken to execute a transaction, which is not one of the ACID properties.

d) Independent: This option is not a part of the ACID properties. Independence refers to the ability of transactions to execute concurrently without interfering with each other, which is covered by the isolation property of ACID.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 'C,D' as duration and independence are not part of the ACID properties of database transactions.