Earth pressure theory:
When the soil is retained behind the retaining structures it will exert lateral pressure on the structure called earth pressure.
1. Passive earth pressure Cohesion less soil
Since P
p is acting on a major principle plane,
Passive earth pressure,
Passive earth pressure coefficient,
Where, μ = Poisson ratio, σ
z = vertical stress, C = cohesion of soil, ϕ = Angle of internal friction,
σ
1 = Major stress and σ
2 = Minor stress
In passive state, the minor principal stress denoted by σ
2 is in vertical direction, while the major principal stress σ
1 is in horizontal direction.