To make certain that the backfill material is more previous than the soil to be drained, the relationship used isa)(D15)filter ≤ (D15)protected soilb)ub(b) (D15)filter ≥ (D15)protected soilc)(D15)filter ≤ (D15)protected soild)ub(d) (D15)filter ≥ (D15)protected soilCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Question

To make certain that the backfill material is more previous than the soil to be drained, the relationship used isa)(D15)filter ≤ (D15)protected soilb)ub>(b) (D15)filter ≥ (D15)protected soilc)(D15)filter ≤ (D15)protected soild)ub>(d) (D15)filter ≥ (D15)protected soilCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Answer

Answer:

Relationship between backfill material and soil to be drained:

To ensure that the backfill material is more pervious than the soil to be drained, the following relationship is used:

(D15)filter ≥ (D15)protected soil

Explanation:

- (D15)filter is the effective size of the filter material used for backfilling.
- (D15)protected soil is the effective size of the soil to be protected or drained.
- The effective size is the particle size for which 15% of the soil or filter material is finer and 85% is coarser.
- The effective size is an important parameter for determining the permeability of the soil or filter material.
- If the (D15)filter is smaller than the (D15)protected soil, then the filter material will be more fine-grained and less permeable than the soil to be protected or drained.
- This can result in clogging of the filter material and reduced drainage efficiency.
- Therefore, to avoid clogging and ensure effective drainage, the (D15)filter should be equal to or larger than the (D15)protected soil.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the relationship used to ensure that the backfill material is more pervious than the soil to be drained is (D15)filter ≥ (D15)protected soil. This ensures that the filter material is coarser and more permeable than the soil to be protected or drained, thereby preventing clogging and ensuring effective drainage.

Answer

The filter material should be coarse enough to allow easy passage for percolating water which can move easily without any buildup of water pressure in the filter.

For the filter to provide full drainage,

k_filter ≥ 25k_{protectedsoil}

where k is the permeability and it is proportional to square of particles size.

So, D_15filter ≥ D_{15protected soil}

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