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A relation in which every non-key attribute is fully functionally dependent on the primary key and which has no transitive dependencies is in -
  • a)
    3NF
  • b)
    BCNF
  • c)
    5NF
  • d)
    4NF
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
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A relation in which every non-key attribute is fully functionally depe...
Understanding 3NF (Third Normal Form)
3NF is a crucial step in the normalization process of relational databases. It ensures that the database design reduces redundancy and enhances data integrity.
Key Characteristics of 3NF:
  • Full Functional Dependency: Every non-key attribute must be fully functionally dependent on the primary key. This means that non-key attributes should not rely on any subset of a composite primary key.
  • No Transitive Dependencies: A non-key attribute should not depend on another non-key attribute. In other words, if A determines B and B determines C, then A should directly determine C—thereby preventing indirect relationships that can lead to redundancy.

Why 3NF is Important:
  • Minimizes Redundancy: By ensuring that non-key attributes are only dependent on the primary key, 3NF eliminates duplicate data, which conserves storage and simplifies updates.
  • Enhances Data Integrity: Since no transitive dependencies exist, 3NF helps maintain consistency and accuracy in the database. Changes to one piece of data do not inadvertently affect others.
  • Improves Query Performance: With a well-structured database in 3NF, queries can be executed more efficiently, as the data is organized logically without unnecessary duplication.

Conclusion:
In summary, a relation that meets the criteria of full functional dependency on the primary key and lacks transitive dependencies qualifies as being in Third Normal Form (3NF). This normalization ensures optimal data organization, integrity, and efficiency in relational databases.
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A relation in which every non-key attribute is fully functionally depe...
1NF:
  • There are only Single Valued Attributes.
  • There is a unique name for every Attribute/Column.
2NF:
  • A relation that is in First Normal Form 
  • Every non-primary-key attribute is fully functionally dependent on the primary key 
3NF
  • The third normal form is based on the concept of transitive dependency. A functional dependency X->Y in a relation schema R is a transitive dependency if there exists a set of attributed Z in R that is neither a candidate key nor a subset of any key of R.
  • A relation is in 3NF if it satisfies 2NF and no prime attribute of R is transitively dependent on the primary key.
  • If X - > A is a functional dependency, then A should be a prime attribute or X should be a candidate key.
  • Lossless join and dependency preservation is always possible in 3NF. 3NF decomposition is always lossless join and dependency preserving.
BCNF:
  • It stands for Boyce Codd normal form.
  • A relation R is in BCNF if whenever a non-trivial functional dependency X -> A holds in R, then X is a superkey of R. Any relation with two attributes is always in BCNF. Because when a relation contains only two attributes then one attribute determines another and the left side of the functional dependency will always be a candidate key in that case.
  • BCNF is not always dependency preserving.
Therefore the answer is Option 1.
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A relation in which every non-key attribute is fully functionally dependent on the primary key and which has no transitive dependencies is in -a)3NFb)BCNFc)5NFd)4NFCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
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