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Benzene on nitration gives nitrobenzene in presence of HNO3 and H2SO4 mixture, where
- a)HNO3 acts as an acid and H2SO4 acts as a base
- b)Both H2SO4 and HNO3 act as bases
- c)HNO3 acts as a base and H2SO4 acts as an acid
- d)both H2SO4 and HNO3 act as acids
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
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Most Upvoted Answer
Benzene on nitration gives nitrobenzene in presence of HNO3 and H2SO4 ...
Explanation:
To understand why the correct answer is option 'C', let's first break down the reaction of benzene with the nitration mixture of HNO3 and H2SO4.
The reaction of benzene with the nitration mixture is an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. In this reaction, the benzene ring is attacked by a nitronium ion (NO2+), which is generated by the reaction of HNO3 with H2SO4.
Now let's analyze the role of HNO3 and H2SO4 in this reaction:
a) HNO3 acts as an acid and H2SO4 acts as a base:
This is not the correct answer because both HNO3 and H2SO4 are strong acids. In fact, H2SO4 is a stronger acid than HNO3. In the presence of a stronger acid, HNO3 would act as a base rather than an acid.
b) Both H2SO4 and HNO3 act as bases:
This is also not the correct answer because both H2SO4 and HNO3 are strong acids, and they do not act as bases in this reaction.
c) HNO3 acts as a base and H2SO4 acts as an acid:
This is the correct answer. In the nitration reaction, HNO3 acts as a base by accepting a proton from H2SO4 to form the nitronium ion (NO2+). This can be represented by the following reaction:
HNO3 + H2SO4 → NO2+ + HSO4-
On the other hand, H2SO4 acts as an acid by donating a proton to benzene to generate a highly reactive electrophile, the nitronium ion (NO2+). This can be represented by the following reaction:
H2SO4 + benzene → NO2+ + HSO4- + benzene
The nitronium ion then attacks the benzene ring, leading to the substitution of one of the hydrogen atoms on the benzene ring with a nitro group (NO2), resulting in the formation of nitrobenzene.
So, in summary, HNO3 acts as a base by accepting a proton from H2SO4 to form the nitronium ion, while H2SO4 acts as an acid by donating a proton to benzene to generate the nitronium ion. Therefore, option 'C' is the correct answer.
To understand why the correct answer is option 'C', let's first break down the reaction of benzene with the nitration mixture of HNO3 and H2SO4.
The reaction of benzene with the nitration mixture is an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. In this reaction, the benzene ring is attacked by a nitronium ion (NO2+), which is generated by the reaction of HNO3 with H2SO4.
Now let's analyze the role of HNO3 and H2SO4 in this reaction:
a) HNO3 acts as an acid and H2SO4 acts as a base:
This is not the correct answer because both HNO3 and H2SO4 are strong acids. In fact, H2SO4 is a stronger acid than HNO3. In the presence of a stronger acid, HNO3 would act as a base rather than an acid.
b) Both H2SO4 and HNO3 act as bases:
This is also not the correct answer because both H2SO4 and HNO3 are strong acids, and they do not act as bases in this reaction.
c) HNO3 acts as a base and H2SO4 acts as an acid:
This is the correct answer. In the nitration reaction, HNO3 acts as a base by accepting a proton from H2SO4 to form the nitronium ion (NO2+). This can be represented by the following reaction:
HNO3 + H2SO4 → NO2+ + HSO4-
On the other hand, H2SO4 acts as an acid by donating a proton to benzene to generate a highly reactive electrophile, the nitronium ion (NO2+). This can be represented by the following reaction:
H2SO4 + benzene → NO2+ + HSO4- + benzene
The nitronium ion then attacks the benzene ring, leading to the substitution of one of the hydrogen atoms on the benzene ring with a nitro group (NO2), resulting in the formation of nitrobenzene.
So, in summary, HNO3 acts as a base by accepting a proton from H2SO4 to form the nitronium ion, while H2SO4 acts as an acid by donating a proton to benzene to generate the nitronium ion. Therefore, option 'C' is the correct answer.
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Benzene on nitration gives nitrobenzene in presence of HNO3 and H2SO4 ...
Reagent for nitration of Benzene
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Benzene on nitration gives nitrobenzene in presence of HNO3 and H2SO4 mixture, wherea)HNO3 acts as an acid and H2SO4 acts as a baseb)Both H2SO4 and HNO3 act as basesc)HNO3 acts as a base and H2SO4 acts as an acidd)both H2SO4 and HNO3 act as acidsCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
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