Xylem:
Xylem is a complex tissue found in vascular plants that transports water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant. It is responsible for the upward movement of water against gravity. The xylem tissue is composed of several different elements, each playing a specific role in the transport process.

Tracheids:
Tracheids are long, narrow cells with tapered ends that are the main conducting elements in gymnosperms and ferns. They have pits on their walls, allowing water to move horizontally between adjacent cells. Tracheids are responsible for the transport of water and minerals through the xylem.

Vessel Elements:
Vessel elements are wider and shorter than tracheids, and they have perforations in their end walls called perforation plates. These plates allow for efficient water flow between vessel elements, forming continuous tubes. Vessel elements are the main conducting elements in angiosperms, enabling rapid water transport.

Xylem Fibers:
Xylem fibers are long and slender cells that provide structural support to the xylem tissue. They have thickened secondary cell walls, which make them strong and rigid. Xylem fibers also play a role in water conduction, although their main function is mechanical support.

Xylem Parenchyma:
Xylem parenchyma cells are living cells that are involved in storage and lateral transport of nutrients and water. They have thin cell walls and are associated with the vascular bundles. Xylem parenchyma cells contribute to the overall functioning of the xylem tissue by maintaining its integrity and participating in storage and metabolism.

Phloem:
Phloem is another complex tissue found in vascular plants that transports organic substances, such as sugars and amino acids, from the leaves to other parts of the plant. It is responsible for the downward movement of food materials through the process of translocation. Similarly to xylem, phloem is composed of different elements that work together to facilitate transport.

Sieve Tube Elements:
Sieve tube elements are the main conducting elements in the phloem tissue. They are elongated cells with perforated end walls called sieve plates. These plates allow for the movement of substances between adjacent sieve tube elements, forming a continuous pathway for translocation. Sieve tube elements lack a nucleus and other cellular organelles to maximize the efficiency of substance transport.

Companion Cells:
Companion cells are closely associated with sieve tube elements and play a vital role in maintaining their functionality. They provide metabolic support to sieve tube elements, as they possess all the necessary organelles to carry out cellular functions. Companion cells are responsible for loading and unloading substances into the sieve tube elements, ensuring the efficient transport of organic materials.

Phloem Fibers:
Phloem fibers are long, elongated cells that provide mechanical support to the phloem tissue. They have thickened secondary cell walls, similar to xylem fibers, which make them strong and rigid. Phloem fibers assist in maintaining the structural integrity of the phloem tissue, ensuring the proper functioning of the transport system.

Phloem Parenchyma:
Phloem parenchyma cells are living cells associated with the phloem tissue. They are involved in storage and metabolism of organic substances.

Phloem is made of four types of tracheary elements namely - sieve cells and sieve tubes,companion cell,phloem parenchyma, phloem fibres .they translocates organic food throughout the plant both in upward and downward direction from leaves to the various parts of plants.

Xylem is a complex plant tissue made up of four types of tracheary elements namely- tracheids,vessels, xylem parenchyma, xylem fibres. it is involved in conduction of water and minerals from soil to the various parts of plant body via root and root hairs.