Document for Social Science and Science: Chapter Notes for Class 7

Social Science and Science are two important subjects that students study in Class 7. Both subjects are equally important for holistic development and understanding of the world around us. To aid students' learning and understanding, Chapter Notes for Class 7 are provided below.

I. Social Science Chapter Notes:

1. Our Environment:
- The environment is the surroundings in which we live.
- It consists of both living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) things.
- Human activities have a major impact on the environment.
- We need to protect the environment to ensure a sustainable future.

2. Inside Our Earth:
- The Earth is composed of different layers - crust, mantle, and core.
- The Earth's crust is made up of rocks and minerals.
- The movement of the plates on the Earth's crust causes earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
- The Earth's core is made up of iron and nickel.

3. Our Changing Earth:
- The Earth's surface is constantly changing due to natural processes like weathering, erosion, and deposition.
- Human activities like deforestation, mining, and construction also cause changes in the Earth's surface.
- The study of these changes is called Geomorphology.

4. Air:
- Air is a mixture of gases like oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide.
- The Earth's atmosphere has different layers - troposphere, stratosphere, and mesosphere.
- Air pollution is a major problem caused by human activities like burning fossil fuels and industrial emissions.

II. Science Chapter Notes:

1. Nutrition in Plants:
- Plants make their food through the process of photosynthesis.
- Photosynthesis requires sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water.
- The food made by plants is stored in the form of starch.
- Plants also need nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium to grow.

2. Nutrition in Animals:
- Animals obtain their food by eating plants or other animals.
- The process of breaking down food into simpler substances is called digestion.
- The nutrients from food are absorbed into the bloodstream and transported to different parts of the body.
- Balanced diet is important for proper growth and development.

3. Fibre to Fabric:
- Natural fibres like cotton, wool, and silk are obtained from plants and animals.
- Fibres are converted into yarn through the process of spinning.
- Yarn is then woven or knitted to make fabrics.
- Synthetic fibres like nylon and polyester are made from chemicals in the laboratory.

4. Heat:
- Heat is a form of energy that flows from hot to cold objects.
- The unit of measurement for heat is calorie.
- Temperature is a measure of how hot or cold an object is.
- Heat is used in various applications like cooking, heating, and generating electricity.

In conclusion, studying Social Science and Science is important for acquiring knowledge and understanding the world around us. The Chapter Notes provided above will aid students in their learning and revision.