Sp³d² hybridised molecule have octahedral geometry(square bipyramidal)

The sp3d2 hybridization of the central atom in a molecule leads to the octahedral geometry. This can be explained by understanding the concept of hybridization and the arrangement of electron groups around the central atom.

1. Hybridization:
Hybridization is the concept of mixing atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals that are suitable for bonding. In the case of sp3d2 hybridization, the central atom undergoes hybridization by mixing one s orbital, three p orbitals, and two d orbitals to form six sp3d2 hybrid orbitals.

2. Octahedral Geometry:
In an octahedral geometry, there are six electron groups around the central atom. These electron groups can be either bonding pairs or lone pairs of electrons. The six sp3d2 hybrid orbitals arrange themselves in an octahedral shape, pointing towards the corners of an imaginary octahedron.

3. Explanation:
The sp3d2 hybrid orbitals are used to form sigma bonds with the surrounding atoms or ligands. In an octahedral geometry, there are six bonding orbitals available for sigma bonding. Each of these orbitals can form a sigma bond with one ligand, resulting in a total of six sigma bonds.

The octahedral geometry is also characterized by the presence of two axial positions and four equatorial positions. The two axial positions lie along the axis perpendicular to the equatorial plane, while the four equatorial positions lie in the equatorial plane. This arrangement maximizes the distance between the bonding pairs, minimizing repulsion and resulting in a more stable structure.

4. Example:
A common example of a molecule with sp3d2 hybridization and octahedral geometry is SF6 (sulfur hexafluoride). In SF6, the sulfur atom is surrounded by six fluorine atoms. The central sulfur atom undergoes sp3d2 hybridization to form six sp3d2 hybrid orbitals, which then form sigma bonds with the six fluorine atoms. The resulting molecule has an octahedral geometry, with the six fluorine atoms arranged around the central sulfur atom.

In conclusion, the sp3d2 hybridization of the central atom in a molecule leads to the octahedral geometry. This is characterized by the arrangement of six sp3d2 hybrid orbitals in an octahedral shape, pointing towards the corners of an imaginary octahedron.