Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure exerted by a fluid at any given point due to the weight of the fluid column above it. It is also referred to as fluid pressure or static pressure.

Explanation:
Hydrostatic pressure is a result of the fluid's weight and is directly proportional to the density of the fluid and the height of the fluid column. The pressure at any point within a non-moving fluid is the same in all directions (isotropic), as the fluid is at equilibrium.

Key Points:
- Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure exerted by a non-moving fluid at any given point.
- It is caused by the weight of the fluid column above the point.
- Hydrostatic pressure is isotropic, meaning it is the same in all directions at a given point within the fluid.
- The pressure increases with the depth or height of the fluid column.
- It is directly proportional to the density of the fluid.

Formula for Hydrostatic Pressure:
The hydrostatic pressure at a point within a fluid can be calculated using the formula:

P = ρgh

Where:
P = hydrostatic pressure (in Pascal or N/m^2)
ρ = density of the fluid (in kg/m^3)
g = acceleration due to gravity (in m/s^2)
h = height or depth of the fluid column above the point (in meters)

Explanation of Formula:
The formula shows that the hydrostatic pressure is directly proportional to the density of the fluid, the acceleration due to gravity, and the height of the fluid column. This means that denser fluids, higher columns, and stronger gravitational forces will result in higher hydrostatic pressures.

Applications of Hydrostatic Pressure:
Hydrostatic pressure is an important concept in various fields, including civil engineering, fluid mechanics, and hydrology. Some practical applications of hydrostatic pressure include:
- Calculation of pressure forces on submerged structures, such as dams and retaining walls.
- Understanding the behavior of fluids in hydraulic systems, such as pipelines and tanks.
- Determining the stability of floating or submerged objects, such as ships and submarines.
- Analysis of groundwater flow and pressure in aquifers.
- Design of water distribution systems, such as water towers and reservoirs.

In conclusion, hydrostatic pressure is the pressure exerted by a non-moving fluid at any given point. It is caused by the weight of the fluid column above the point and is directly proportional to the density of the fluid and the height of the fluid column. This concept is widely used in various engineering and scientific applications.