Concept of Zone of Proximal Development by Vygotsky

The correct answer is option 'C' which is the concept of Zone of Proximal Development given by Vygotsky, a Russian psychologist.

Zone of Proximal Development

The concept of Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) refers to the gap between what a learner can do independently and what the learner can do with the assistance of a more knowledgeable other. It is the range of tasks that a learner can perform with guidance and support, but cannot accomplish alone. Vygotsky believed that learning occurs when a learner is challenged to work within their ZPD.

Importance of ZPD

The ZPD is important because it provides a framework for understanding how learning occurs and how to plan instruction. It suggests that teachers should provide challenging tasks that are within a student's ZPD, but not so difficult that the student becomes frustrated and gives up.

Role of the Teacher

According to Vygotsky, the teacher should act as a facilitator, providing support and guidance to the student as they work within their ZPD. This may involve providing scaffolding, feedback, and modeling. The teacher should also be aware of the student's individual needs and adjust instruction accordingly.

Collaborative Learning

Vygotsky also believed that learning occurs through social interaction. Collaborative learning, where students work together to solve problems and complete tasks, can be an effective way to promote learning within the ZPD. Through collaboration, students can share their knowledge and skills, provide feedback to each other, and build on each other's ideas.

Conclusion

The concept of ZPD by Vygotsky emphasizes the importance of providing challenging tasks that are within a student's reach with appropriate support and guidance. It highlights the role of the teacher in facilitating learning and the value of social interaction and collaboration in promoting learning.