Study the following statements regarding creep.(i) Creep is greater on...
Explanation:
Creep is defined as the longitudinal movement of rails in the track under the influence of traffic loads. It is a common problem in railway tracks and can cause a number of issues like misalignment of rails, deterioration of the track structure, and increased maintenance costs. The given statements regarding creep are as follows:
(i) Creep is greater on curves than on tangent railway track.
This statement is true because in curves, the centrifugal force acting on the wheels tends to push them towards the outside of the curve. This results in a lateral force on the rails, which causes them to move longitudinally. On the other hand, in tangent track, there is no lateral force acting on the rails, so the creep is less.
(ii) Creep in new rails is more than that in old rails.
This statement is also true because new rails have a smooth surface and are more prone to movement under traffic loads. As the rails age, they develop a rougher surface due to wear and tear, which makes them more resistant to creep.
(iii) Creep is more on steep gradients than on level track.
This statement is false because on steep gradients, the weight of the train is distributed over a shorter length of track, which results in higher contact stresses and greater likelihood of creep. On level track, the weight of the train is distributed over a longer length of track, which reduces the contact stresses and the likelihood of creep.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B, (i) and (ii).