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Question is based on the following passage.This passage is adapted from Emily Anthes, Frankensteins Cat. ©2013 by Emily Anthes.When scientists first learned how to edit thegenomes of animals, they began to imagine all theways they could use this new power. Creatingbrightly colored novelty pets was not a high priority.5 Instead, most researchers envisioned far moreconsequential applications, hoping to creategenetically engineered animals that saved humanlives. One enterprise is now delivering on this dream.Welcome to the world of “pharming,” in which10 simple genetic tweaks turn animals into livingpharmaceutical factories.Many of the proteins that our cells crank outnaturally make for good medicine. Our bodies’ ownenzymes, hormones, clotting factors, and antibodies15 are commonly used to treat cancer, diabetes,autoimmune diseases, and more. The trouble is thatit’s difficult and expensive to make these compoundson an industrial scale, and as a result, patients canface shortages of the medicines they need. Dairy20 animals, on the other hand, are expert proteinproducers, their udders swollen with milk. So thecreation of the first transgenic animals—first mice,then other species—in the 1980s gave scientists anidea: What if they put the gene for a human antibody25 or enzyme into a cow, goat, or sheep? If they put thegene in just the right place, under the control of theright molecular switch, maybe they could engineeranimals that produced healing human proteins intheir milk. Then doctors could collect medicine by30 the bucketful.Throughout the 1980s and ’90s, studies providedproof of principle, as scientists created transgenicmice, sheep, goats, pigs, cattle, and rabbits that did infact make therapeutic compounds in their milk.35 At first, this work was merely gee-whiz, scientificgeekery, lab-bound thought experiments come true.That all changed with ATryn, a drug produced by theMassachusetts firm GTC Biotherapeutics. ATryn isantithrombin, an anticoagulant that can be used to40 prevent life-threatening blood clots. The compound,made by our liver cells, plays a key role in keepingour bodies clot-free. It acts as a molecular bouncer,sidling up to clot-forming compounds and escortingthem out of the bloodstream. But as many as 1 in45 2,000 Americans are born with a genetic mutationthat prevents them from making antithrombin.These patients are prone to clots, especially in theirlegs and lungs, and they are at elevated risk ofsuffering from fatal complications during surgery50 and childbirth. Supplemental antithrombin canreduce this risk, and GTC decided to try tomanufacture the compound using geneticallyengineered goats.To create its special herd of goats, GTC used55microinjection, the same technique that producedGloFish and AquAdvantage salmon. The company’sscientists took the gene for human antithrombin andinjected it directly into fertilized goat eggs. Then theyimplanted the eggs in the wombs of female goats.60 When the kids were born, some of them proved to betransgenic, the human gene nestled safely in theircells. The researchers paired the antithrombin genewith a promoter (which is a sequence of DNA thatcontrols gene activity) that is normally active in the65 goat’s mammary glands during milk production.When the transgenic females lactated, the promoterturned the transgene on and the goats’ udders filledwith milk containing antithrombin. All that was leftto do was to collect the milk, and extract and purify70 the protein. Et voilà—human medicine! And, forGTC, liquid gold. ATryn hit the market in 2006,becoming the world’s first transgenic animal drug.Over the course of a year, the “milking parlors” onGTC’s 300-acre farm in Massachusetts can collect75 more than a kilogram of medicine from a singleanimal.Q. The primary purpose of the passage is toa)present the background of a medicalbreakthrough.b)evaluate the research that led to a scientificdiscovery.c)summarize the findings of a long-term researchproject.d)explain the development of a branch of scientificstudyCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? for SAT 2025 is part of SAT preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the SAT exam syllabus. Information about Question is based on the following passage.This passage is adapted from Emily Anthes, Frankensteins Cat. ©2013 by Emily Anthes.When scientists first learned how to edit thegenomes of animals, they began to imagine all theways they could use this new power. Creatingbrightly colored novelty pets was not a high priority.5 Instead, most researchers envisioned far moreconsequential applications, hoping to creategenetically engineered animals that saved humanlives. One enterprise is now delivering on this dream.Welcome to the world of “pharming,” in which10 simple genetic tweaks turn animals into livingpharmaceutical factories.Many of the proteins that our cells crank outnaturally make for good medicine. Our bodies’ ownenzymes, hormones, clotting factors, and antibodies15 are commonly used to treat cancer, diabetes,autoimmune diseases, and more. The trouble is thatit’s difficult and expensive to make these compoundson an industrial scale, and as a result, patients canface shortages of the medicines they need. Dairy20 animals, on the other hand, are expert proteinproducers, their udders swollen with milk. So thecreation of the first transgenic animals—first mice,then other species—in the 1980s gave scientists anidea: What if they put the gene for a human antibody25 or enzyme into a cow, goat, or sheep? If they put thegene in just the right place, under the control of theright molecular switch, maybe they could engineeranimals that produced healing human proteins intheir milk. Then doctors could collect medicine by30 the bucketful.Throughout the 1980s and ’90s, studies providedproof of principle, as scientists created transgenicmice, sheep, goats, pigs, cattle, and rabbits that did infact make therapeutic compounds in their milk.35 At first, this work was merely gee-whiz, scientificgeekery, lab-bound thought experiments come true.That all changed with ATryn, a drug produced by theMassachusetts firm GTC Biotherapeutics. ATryn isantithrombin, an anticoagulant that can be used to40 prevent life-threatening blood clots. The compound,made by our liver cells, plays a key role in keepingour bodies clot-free. It acts as a molecular bouncer,sidling up to clot-forming compounds and escortingthem out of the bloodstream. But as many as 1 in45 2,000 Americans are born with a genetic mutationthat prevents them from making antithrombin.These patients are prone to clots, especially in theirlegs and lungs, and they are at elevated risk ofsuffering from fatal complications during surgery50 and childbirth. Supplemental antithrombin canreduce this risk, and GTC decided to try tomanufacture the compound using geneticallyengineered goats.To create its special herd of goats, GTC used55microinjection, the same technique that producedGloFish and AquAdvantage salmon. The company’sscientists took the gene for human antithrombin andinjected it directly into fertilized goat eggs. Then theyimplanted the eggs in the wombs of female goats.60 When the kids were born, some of them proved to betransgenic, the human gene nestled safely in theircells. The researchers paired the antithrombin genewith a promoter (which is a sequence of DNA thatcontrols gene activity) that is normally active in the65 goat’s mammary glands during milk production.When the transgenic females lactated, the promoterturned the transgene on and the goats’ udders filledwith milk containing antithrombin. All that was leftto do was to collect the milk, and extract and purify70 the protein. Et voilà—human medicine! And, forGTC, liquid gold. ATryn hit the market in 2006,becoming the world’s first transgenic animal drug.Over the course of a year, the “milking parlors” onGTC’s 300-acre farm in Massachusetts can collect75 more than a kilogram of medicine from a singleanimal.Q. The primary purpose of the passage is toa)present the background of a medicalbreakthrough.b)evaluate the research that led to a scientificdiscovery.c)summarize the findings of a long-term researchproject.d)explain the development of a branch of scientificstudyCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for SAT 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Question is based on the following passage.This passage is adapted from Emily Anthes, Frankensteins Cat. ©2013 by Emily Anthes.When scientists first learned how to edit thegenomes of animals, they began to imagine all theways they could use this new power. Creatingbrightly colored novelty pets was not a high priority.5 Instead, most researchers envisioned far moreconsequential applications, hoping to creategenetically engineered animals that saved humanlives. One enterprise is now delivering on this dream.Welcome to the world of “pharming,” in which10 simple genetic tweaks turn animals into livingpharmaceutical factories.Many of the proteins that our cells crank outnaturally make for good medicine. Our bodies’ ownenzymes, hormones, clotting factors, and antibodies15 are commonly used to treat cancer, diabetes,autoimmune diseases, and more. The trouble is thatit’s difficult and expensive to make these compoundson an industrial scale, and as a result, patients canface shortages of the medicines they need. Dairy20 animals, on the other hand, are expert proteinproducers, their udders swollen with milk. So thecreation of the first transgenic animals—first mice,then other species—in the 1980s gave scientists anidea: What if they put the gene for a human antibody25 or enzyme into a cow, goat, or sheep? If they put thegene in just the right place, under the control of theright molecular switch, maybe they could engineeranimals that produced healing human proteins intheir milk. Then doctors could collect medicine by30 the bucketful.Throughout the 1980s and ’90s, studies providedproof of principle, as scientists created transgenicmice, sheep, goats, pigs, cattle, and rabbits that did infact make therapeutic compounds in their milk.35 At first, this work was merely gee-whiz, scientificgeekery, lab-bound thought experiments come true.That all changed with ATryn, a drug produced by theMassachusetts firm GTC Biotherapeutics. ATryn isantithrombin, an anticoagulant that can be used to40 prevent life-threatening blood clots. The compound,made by our liver cells, plays a key role in keepingour bodies clot-free. It acts as a molecular bouncer,sidling up to clot-forming compounds and escortingthem out of the bloodstream. But as many as 1 in45 2,000 Americans are born with a genetic mutationthat prevents them from making antithrombin.These patients are prone to clots, especially in theirlegs and lungs, and they are at elevated risk ofsuffering from fatal complications during surgery50 and childbirth. Supplemental antithrombin canreduce this risk, and GTC decided to try tomanufacture the compound using geneticallyengineered goats.To create its special herd of goats, GTC used55microinjection, the same technique that producedGloFish and AquAdvantage salmon. The company’sscientists took the gene for human antithrombin andinjected it directly into fertilized goat eggs. Then theyimplanted the eggs in the wombs of female goats.60 When the kids were born, some of them proved to betransgenic, the human gene nestled safely in theircells. The researchers paired the antithrombin genewith a promoter (which is a sequence of DNA thatcontrols gene activity) that is normally active in the65 goat’s mammary glands during milk production.When the transgenic females lactated, the promoterturned the transgene on and the goats’ udders filledwith milk containing antithrombin. All that was leftto do was to collect the milk, and extract and purify70 the protein. Et voilà—human medicine! And, forGTC, liquid gold. ATryn hit the market in 2006,becoming the world’s first transgenic animal drug.Over the course of a year, the “milking parlors” onGTC’s 300-acre farm in Massachusetts can collect75 more than a kilogram of medicine from a singleanimal.Q. The primary purpose of the passage is toa)present the background of a medicalbreakthrough.b)evaluate the research that led to a scientificdiscovery.c)summarize the findings of a long-term researchproject.d)explain the development of a branch of scientificstudyCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?.

Solutions for Question is based on the following passage.This passage is adapted from Emily Anthes, Frankensteins Cat. ©2013 by Emily Anthes.When scientists first learned how to edit thegenomes of animals, they began to imagine all theways they could use this new power. Creatingbrightly colored novelty pets was not a high priority.5 Instead, most researchers envisioned far moreconsequential applications, hoping to creategenetically engineered animals that saved humanlives. One enterprise is now delivering on this dream.Welcome to the world of “pharming,” in which10 simple genetic tweaks turn animals into livingpharmaceutical factories.Many of the proteins that our cells crank outnaturally make for good medicine. Our bodies’ ownenzymes, hormones, clotting factors, and antibodies15 are commonly used to treat cancer, diabetes,autoimmune diseases, and more. The trouble is thatit’s difficult and expensive to make these compoundson an industrial scale, and as a result, patients canface shortages of the medicines they need. Dairy20 animals, on the other hand, are expert proteinproducers, their udders swollen with milk. So thecreation of the first transgenic animals—first mice,then other species—in the 1980s gave scientists anidea: What if they put the gene for a human antibody25 or enzyme into a cow, goat, or sheep? If they put thegene in just the right place, under the control of theright molecular switch, maybe they could engineeranimals that produced healing human proteins intheir milk. Then doctors could collect medicine by30 the bucketful.Throughout the 1980s and ’90s, studies providedproof of principle, as scientists created transgenicmice, sheep, goats, pigs, cattle, and rabbits that did infact make therapeutic compounds in their milk.35 At first, this work was merely gee-whiz, scientificgeekery, lab-bound thought experiments come true.That all changed with ATryn, a drug produced by theMassachusetts firm GTC Biotherapeutics. ATryn isantithrombin, an anticoagulant that can be used to40 prevent life-threatening blood clots. The compound,made by our liver cells, plays a key role in keepingour bodies clot-free. It acts as a molecular bouncer,sidling up to clot-forming compounds and escortingthem out of the bloodstream. But as many as 1 in45 2,000 Americans are born with a genetic mutationthat prevents them from making antithrombin.These patients are prone to clots, especially in theirlegs and lungs, and they are at elevated risk ofsuffering from fatal complications during surgery50 and childbirth. Supplemental antithrombin canreduce this risk, and GTC decided to try tomanufacture the compound using geneticallyengineered goats.To create its special herd of goats, GTC used55microinjection, the same technique that producedGloFish and AquAdvantage salmon. The company’sscientists took the gene for human antithrombin andinjected it directly into fertilized goat eggs. Then theyimplanted the eggs in the wombs of female goats.60 When the kids were born, some of them proved to betransgenic, the human gene nestled safely in theircells. The researchers paired the antithrombin genewith a promoter (which is a sequence of DNA thatcontrols gene activity) that is normally active in the65 goat’s mammary glands during milk production.When the transgenic females lactated, the promoterturned the transgene on and the goats’ udders filledwith milk containing antithrombin. All that was leftto do was to collect the milk, and extract and purify70 the protein. Et voilà—human medicine! And, forGTC, liquid gold. ATryn hit the market in 2006,becoming the world’s first transgenic animal drug.Over the course of a year, the “milking parlors” onGTC’s 300-acre farm in Massachusetts can collect75 more than a kilogram of medicine from a singleanimal.Q. The primary purpose of the passage is toa)present the background of a medicalbreakthrough.b)evaluate the research that led to a scientificdiscovery.c)summarize the findings of a long-term researchproject.d)explain the development of a branch of scientificstudyCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? in English & in Hindi are available as part of our courses for SAT. Download more important topics, notes, lectures and mock test series for SAT Exam by signing up for free.

Here you can find the meaning of Question is based on the following passage.This passage is adapted from Emily Anthes, Frankensteins Cat. ©2013 by Emily Anthes.When scientists first learned how to edit thegenomes of animals, they began to imagine all theways they could use this new power. Creatingbrightly colored novelty pets was not a high priority.5 Instead, most researchers envisioned far moreconsequential applications, hoping to creategenetically engineered animals that saved humanlives. One enterprise is now delivering on this dream.Welcome to the world of “pharming,” in which10 simple genetic tweaks turn animals into livingpharmaceutical factories.Many of the proteins that our cells crank outnaturally make for good medicine. Our bodies’ ownenzymes, hormones, clotting factors, and antibodies15 are commonly used to treat cancer, diabetes,autoimmune diseases, and more. The trouble is thatit’s difficult and expensive to make these compoundson an industrial scale, and as a result, patients canface shortages of the medicines they need. Dairy20 animals, on the other hand, are expert proteinproducers, their udders swollen with milk. So thecreation of the first transgenic animals—first mice,then other species—in the 1980s gave scientists anidea: What if they put the gene for a human antibody25 or enzyme into a cow, goat, or sheep? If they put thegene in just the right place, under the control of theright molecular switch, maybe they could engineeranimals that produced healing human proteins intheir milk. Then doctors could collect medicine by30 the bucketful.Throughout the 1980s and ’90s, studies providedproof of principle, as scientists created transgenicmice, sheep, goats, pigs, cattle, and rabbits that did infact make therapeutic compounds in their milk.35 At first, this work was merely gee-whiz, scientificgeekery, lab-bound thought experiments come true.That all changed with ATryn, a drug produced by theMassachusetts firm GTC Biotherapeutics. ATryn isantithrombin, an anticoagulant that can be used to40 prevent life-threatening blood clots. The compound,made by our liver cells, plays a key role in keepingour bodies clot-free. It acts as a molecular bouncer,sidling up to clot-forming compounds and escortingthem out of the bloodstream. But as many as 1 in45 2,000 Americans are born with a genetic mutationthat prevents them from making antithrombin.These patients are prone to clots, especially in theirlegs and lungs, and they are at elevated risk ofsuffering from fatal complications during surgery50 and childbirth. Supplemental antithrombin canreduce this risk, and GTC decided to try tomanufacture the compound using geneticallyengineered goats.To create its special herd of goats, GTC used55microinjection, the same technique that producedGloFish and AquAdvantage salmon. The company’sscientists took the gene for human antithrombin andinjected it directly into fertilized goat eggs. Then theyimplanted the eggs in the wombs of female goats.60 When the kids were born, some of them proved to betransgenic, the human gene nestled safely in theircells. The researchers paired the antithrombin genewith a promoter (which is a sequence of DNA thatcontrols gene activity) that is normally active in the65 goat’s mammary glands during milk production.When the transgenic females lactated, the promoterturned the transgene on and the goats’ udders filledwith milk containing antithrombin. All that was leftto do was to collect the milk, and extract and purify70 the protein. Et voilà—human medicine! And, forGTC, liquid gold. ATryn hit the market in 2006,becoming the world’s first transgenic animal drug.Over the course of a year, the “milking parlors” onGTC’s 300-acre farm in Massachusetts can collect75 more than a kilogram of medicine from a singleanimal.Q. The primary purpose of the passage is toa)present the background of a medicalbreakthrough.b)evaluate the research that led to a scientificdiscovery.c)summarize the findings of a long-term researchproject.d)explain the development of a branch of scientificstudyCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? defined & explained in the simplest way possible. Besides giving the explanation of Question is based on the following passage.This passage is adapted from Emily Anthes, Frankensteins Cat. ©2013 by Emily Anthes.When scientists first learned how to edit thegenomes of animals, they began to imagine all theways they could use this new power. Creatingbrightly colored novelty pets was not a high priority.5 Instead, most researchers envisioned far moreconsequential applications, hoping to creategenetically engineered animals that saved humanlives. One enterprise is now delivering on this dream.Welcome to the world of “pharming,” in which10 simple genetic tweaks turn animals into livingpharmaceutical factories.Many of the proteins that our cells crank outnaturally make for good medicine. Our bodies’ ownenzymes, hormones, clotting factors, and antibodies15 are commonly used to treat cancer, diabetes,autoimmune diseases, and more. The trouble is thatit’s difficult and expensive to make these compoundson an industrial scale, and as a result, patients canface shortages of the medicines they need. Dairy20 animals, on the other hand, are expert proteinproducers, their udders swollen with milk. So thecreation of the first transgenic animals—first mice,then other species—in the 1980s gave scientists anidea: What if they put the gene for a human antibody25 or enzyme into a cow, goat, or sheep? If they put thegene in just the right place, under the control of theright molecular switch, maybe they could engineeranimals that produced healing human proteins intheir milk. Then doctors could collect medicine by30 the bucketful.Throughout the 1980s and ’90s, studies providedproof of principle, as scientists created transgenicmice, sheep, goats, pigs, cattle, and rabbits that did infact make therapeutic compounds in their milk.35 At first, this work was merely gee-whiz, scientificgeekery, lab-bound thought experiments come true.That all changed with ATryn, a drug produced by theMassachusetts firm GTC Biotherapeutics. ATryn isantithrombin, an anticoagulant that can be used to40 prevent life-threatening blood clots. The compound,made by our liver cells, plays a key role in keepingour bodies clot-free. It acts as a molecular bouncer,sidling up to clot-forming compounds and escortingthem out of the bloodstream. But as many as 1 in45 2,000 Americans are born with a genetic mutationthat prevents them from making antithrombin.These patients are prone to clots, especially in theirlegs and lungs, and they are at elevated risk ofsuffering from fatal complications during surgery50 and childbirth. Supplemental antithrombin canreduce this risk, and GTC decided to try tomanufacture the compound using geneticallyengineered goats.To create its special herd of goats, GTC used55microinjection, the same technique that producedGloFish and AquAdvantage salmon. The company’sscientists took the gene for human antithrombin andinjected it directly into fertilized goat eggs. Then theyimplanted the eggs in the wombs of female goats.60 When the kids were born, some of them proved to betransgenic, the human gene nestled safely in theircells. The researchers paired the antithrombin genewith a promoter (which is a sequence of DNA thatcontrols gene activity) that is normally active in the65 goat’s mammary glands during milk production.When the transgenic females lactated, the promoterturned the transgene on and the goats’ udders filledwith milk containing antithrombin. All that was leftto do was to collect the milk, and extract and purify70 the protein. Et voilà—human medicine! And, forGTC, liquid gold. ATryn hit the market in 2006,becoming the world’s first transgenic animal drug.Over the course of a year, the “milking parlors” onGTC’s 300-acre farm in Massachusetts can collect75 more than a kilogram of medicine from a singleanimal.Q. The primary purpose of the passage is toa)present the background of a medicalbreakthrough.b)evaluate the research that led to a scientificdiscovery.c)summarize the findings of a long-term researchproject.d)explain the development of a branch of scientificstudyCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?, a detailed solution for Question is based on the following passage.This passage is adapted from Emily Anthes, Frankensteins Cat. ©2013 by Emily Anthes.When scientists first learned how to edit thegenomes of animals, they began to imagine all theways they could use this new power. Creatingbrightly colored novelty pets was not a high priority.5 Instead, most researchers envisioned far moreconsequential applications, hoping to creategenetically engineered animals that saved humanlives. One enterprise is now delivering on this dream.Welcome to the world of “pharming,” in which10 simple genetic tweaks turn animals into livingpharmaceutical factories.Many of the proteins that our cells crank outnaturally make for good medicine. Our bodies’ ownenzymes, hormones, clotting factors, and antibodies15 are commonly used to treat cancer, diabetes,autoimmune diseases, and more. The trouble is thatit’s difficult and expensive to make these compoundson an industrial scale, and as a result, patients canface shortages of the medicines they need. Dairy20 animals, on the other hand, are expert proteinproducers, their udders swollen with milk. So thecreation of the first transgenic animals—first mice,then other species—in the 1980s gave scientists anidea: What if they put the gene for a human antibody25 or enzyme into a cow, goat, or sheep? If they put thegene in just the right place, under the control of theright molecular switch, maybe they could engineeranimals that produced healing human proteins intheir milk. Then doctors could collect medicine by30 the bucketful.Throughout the 1980s and ’90s, studies providedproof of principle, as scientists created transgenicmice, sheep, goats, pigs, cattle, and rabbits that did infact make therapeutic compounds in their milk.35 At first, this work was merely gee-whiz, scientificgeekery, lab-bound thought experiments come true.That all changed with ATryn, a drug produced by theMassachusetts firm GTC Biotherapeutics. ATryn isantithrombin, an anticoagulant that can be used to40 prevent life-threatening blood clots. The compound,made by our liver cells, plays a key role in keepingour bodies clot-free. It acts as a molecular bouncer,sidling up to clot-forming compounds and escortingthem out of the bloodstream. But as many as 1 in45 2,000 Americans are born with a genetic mutationthat prevents them from making antithrombin.These patients are prone to clots, especially in theirlegs and lungs, and they are at elevated risk ofsuffering from fatal complications during surgery50 and childbirth. Supplemental antithrombin canreduce this risk, and GTC decided to try tomanufacture the compound using geneticallyengineered goats.To create its special herd of goats, GTC used55microinjection, the same technique that producedGloFish and AquAdvantage salmon. The company’sscientists took the gene for human antithrombin andinjected it directly into fertilized goat eggs. Then theyimplanted the eggs in the wombs of female goats.60 When the kids were born, some of them proved to betransgenic, the human gene nestled safely in theircells. The researchers paired the antithrombin genewith a promoter (which is a sequence of DNA thatcontrols gene activity) that is normally active in the65 goat’s mammary glands during milk production.When the transgenic females lactated, the promoterturned the transgene on and the goats’ udders filledwith milk containing antithrombin. All that was leftto do was to collect the milk, and extract and purify70 the protein. Et voilà—human medicine! And, forGTC, liquid gold. ATryn hit the market in 2006,becoming the world’s first transgenic animal drug.Over the course of a year, the “milking parlors” onGTC’s 300-acre farm in Massachusetts can collect75 more than a kilogram of medicine from a singleanimal.Q. The primary purpose of the passage is toa)present the background of a medicalbreakthrough.b)evaluate the research that led to a scientificdiscovery.c)summarize the findings of a long-term researchproject.d)explain the development of a branch of scientificstudyCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? has been provided alongside types of Question is based on the following passage.This passage is adapted from Emily Anthes, Frankensteins Cat. ©2013 by Emily Anthes.When scientists first learned how to edit thegenomes of animals, they began to imagine all theways they could use this new power. Creatingbrightly colored novelty pets was not a high priority.5 Instead, most researchers envisioned far moreconsequential applications, hoping to creategenetically engineered animals that saved humanlives. One enterprise is now delivering on this dream.Welcome to the world of “pharming,” in which10 simple genetic tweaks turn animals into livingpharmaceutical factories.Many of the proteins that our cells crank outnaturally make for good medicine. Our bodies’ ownenzymes, hormones, clotting factors, and antibodies15 are commonly used to treat cancer, diabetes,autoimmune diseases, and more. The trouble is thatit’s difficult and expensive to make these compoundson an industrial scale, and as a result, patients canface shortages of the medicines they need. Dairy20 animals, on the other hand, are expert proteinproducers, their udders swollen with milk. So thecreation of the first transgenic animals—first mice,then other species—in the 1980s gave scientists anidea: What if they put the gene for a human antibody25 or enzyme into a cow, goat, or sheep? If they put thegene in just the right place, under the control of theright molecular switch, maybe they could engineeranimals that produced healing human proteins intheir milk. Then doctors could collect medicine by30 the bucketful.Throughout the 1980s and ’90s, studies providedproof of principle, as scientists created transgenicmice, sheep, goats, pigs, cattle, and rabbits that did infact make therapeutic compounds in their milk.35 At first, this work was merely gee-whiz, scientificgeekery, lab-bound thought experiments come true.That all changed with ATryn, a drug produced by theMassachusetts firm GTC Biotherapeutics. ATryn isantithrombin, an anticoagulant that can be used to40 prevent life-threatening blood clots. The compound,made by our liver cells, plays a key role in keepingour bodies clot-free. It acts as a molecular bouncer,sidling up to clot-forming compounds and escortingthem out of the bloodstream. But as many as 1 in45 2,000 Americans are born with a genetic mutationthat prevents them from making antithrombin.These patients are prone to clots, especially in theirlegs and lungs, and they are at elevated risk ofsuffering from fatal complications during surgery50 and childbirth. Supplemental antithrombin canreduce this risk, and GTC decided to try tomanufacture the compound using geneticallyengineered goats.To create its special herd of goats, GTC used55microinjection, the same technique that producedGloFish and AquAdvantage salmon. The company’sscientists took the gene for human antithrombin andinjected it directly into fertilized goat eggs. Then theyimplanted the eggs in the wombs of female goats.60 When the kids were born, some of them proved to betransgenic, the human gene nestled safely in theircells. The researchers paired the antithrombin genewith a promoter (which is a sequence of DNA thatcontrols gene activity) that is normally active in the65 goat’s mammary glands during milk production.When the transgenic females lactated, the promoterturned the transgene on and the goats’ udders filledwith milk containing antithrombin. All that was leftto do was to collect the milk, and extract and purify70 the protein. Et voilà—human medicine! And, forGTC, liquid gold. ATryn hit the market in 2006,becoming the world’s first transgenic animal drug.Over the course of a year, the “milking parlors” onGTC’s 300-acre farm in Massachusetts can collect75 more than a kilogram of medicine from a singleanimal.Q. The primary purpose of the passage is toa)present the background of a medicalbreakthrough.b)evaluate the research that led to a scientificdiscovery.c)summarize the findings of a long-term researchproject.d)explain the development of a branch of scientificstudyCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? theory, EduRev gives you an ample number of questions to practice Question is based on the following passage.This passage is adapted from Emily Anthes, Frankensteins Cat. ©2013 by Emily Anthes.When scientists first learned how to edit thegenomes of animals, they began to imagine all theways they could use this new power. Creatingbrightly colored novelty pets was not a high priority.5 Instead, most researchers envisioned far moreconsequential applications, hoping to creategenetically engineered animals that saved humanlives. One enterprise is now delivering on this dream.Welcome to the world of “pharming,” in which10 simple genetic tweaks turn animals into livingpharmaceutical factories.Many of the proteins that our cells crank outnaturally make for good medicine. Our bodies’ ownenzymes, hormones, clotting factors, and antibodies15 are commonly used to treat cancer, diabetes,autoimmune diseases, and more. The trouble is thatit’s difficult and expensive to make these compoundson an industrial scale, and as a result, patients canface shortages of the medicines they need. Dairy20 animals, on the other hand, are expert proteinproducers, their udders swollen with milk. So thecreation of the first transgenic animals—first mice,then other species—in the 1980s gave scientists anidea: What if they put the gene for a human antibody25 or enzyme into a cow, goat, or sheep? If they put thegene in just the right place, under the control of theright molecular switch, maybe they could engineeranimals that produced healing human proteins intheir milk. Then doctors could collect medicine by30 the bucketful.Throughout the 1980s and ’90s, studies providedproof of principle, as scientists created transgenicmice, sheep, goats, pigs, cattle, and rabbits that did infact make therapeutic compounds in their milk.35 At first, this work was merely gee-whiz, scientificgeekery, lab-bound thought experiments come true.That all changed with ATryn, a drug produced by theMassachusetts firm GTC Biotherapeutics. ATryn isantithrombin, an anticoagulant that can be used to40 prevent life-threatening blood clots. The compound,made by our liver cells, plays a key role in keepingour bodies clot-free. It acts as a molecular bouncer,sidling up to clot-forming compounds and escortingthem out of the bloodstream. But as many as 1 in45 2,000 Americans are born with a genetic mutationthat prevents them from making antithrombin.These patients are prone to clots, especially in theirlegs and lungs, and they are at elevated risk ofsuffering from fatal complications during surgery50 and childbirth. Supplemental antithrombin canreduce this risk, and GTC decided to try tomanufacture the compound using geneticallyengineered goats.To create its special herd of goats, GTC used55microinjection, the same technique that producedGloFish and AquAdvantage salmon. The company’sscientists took the gene for human antithrombin andinjected it directly into fertilized goat eggs. Then theyimplanted the eggs in the wombs of female goats.60 When the kids were born, some of them proved to betransgenic, the human gene nestled safely in theircells. The researchers paired the antithrombin genewith a promoter (which is a sequence of DNA thatcontrols gene activity) that is normally active in the65 goat’s mammary glands during milk production.When the transgenic females lactated, the promoterturned the transgene on and the goats’ udders filledwith milk containing antithrombin. All that was leftto do was to collect the milk, and extract and purify70 the protein. Et voilà—human medicine! And, forGTC, liquid gold. ATryn hit the market in 2006,becoming the world’s first transgenic animal drug.Over the course of a year, the “milking parlors” onGTC’s 300-acre farm in Massachusetts can collect75 more than a kilogram of medicine from a singleanimal.Q. The primary purpose of the passage is toa)present the background of a medicalbreakthrough.b)evaluate the research that led to a scientificdiscovery.c)summarize the findings of a long-term researchproject.d)explain the development of a branch of scientificstudyCorrect answer is option 'A'. 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