Transversal Waves:
Transversal waves are a type of mechanical waves that propagate perpendicular to the direction of the wave. This means that the particles of the medium through which the wave is traveling oscillate in a direction perpendicular to the wave's motion.

Longitudinal Waves:
On the other hand, longitudinal waves are waves in which the particles of the medium oscillate parallel to the direction of the wave. This means that the particles move back and forth in the same direction as the wave is propagating.

Differences between Transversal and Longitudinal Waves:

1. Particle Motion:
- Transversal waves: The particles of the medium oscillate perpendicular to the direction of the wave.
- Longitudinal waves: The particles of the medium oscillate parallel to the direction of the wave.

2. Wave Shape:
- Transversal waves: These waves have a characteristic wave shape with peaks and troughs.
- Longitudinal waves: These waves have a compressions and rarefactions pattern.

3. Energy Transfer:
- Transversal waves: The energy is transferred perpendicular to the direction of the wave.
- Longitudinal waves: The energy is transferred parallel to the direction of the wave.

4. Examples:
- Transversal waves: Examples of transversal waves include light waves, water waves, and seismic S-waves.
- Longitudinal waves: Examples of longitudinal waves include sound waves and seismic P-waves.

5. Nature:
- Transversal waves: Transversal waves are also known as shear waves, as they involve a shearing motion of the particles.
- Longitudinal waves: Longitudinal waves are also known as compression waves, as they involve compressions and rarefactions of the particles.

6. Speed:
- Transversal waves: The speed of transversal waves depends on the properties of the medium.
- Longitudinal waves: The speed of longitudinal waves also depends on the properties of the medium.

In summary, the main difference between transversal and longitudinal waves lies in the direction of particle motion and energy transfer. Transversal waves oscillate perpendicular to the direction of the wave, while longitudinal waves oscillate parallel to the direction of the wave. Understanding these differences helps in comprehending the behavior and characteristics of these two types of waves.