Assertion a sample of water under study was found at boil at 102 C at ...
**Assertion:**
A sample of water under study was found to boil at 102°C at normal conditions.
**Reason:**
Impurities present in water can alter its boiling and freezing point.
The correct answer is **(a) Both assertion and reason are correct and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion**.
**Explanation:**
When pure water boils at normal atmospheric pressure, its boiling point is 100°C. However, impurities present in water can alter its boiling point. Here's a detailed explanation:
1. **Boiling Point of Water:**
- The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which its vapor pressure equals the atmospheric pressure.
- At normal atmospheric pressure, pure water boils at 100°C. This is the point at which the liquid water molecules have enough energy to overcome the attractive forces and escape into the vapor phase.
- However, impurities present in water can affect these attractive forces and, therefore, alter the boiling point of water.
2. **Impurities in Water:**
- Water from natural sources, such as rivers, lakes, or groundwater, often contains impurities.
- These impurities can include dissolved salts, minerals, gases, organic matter, and other substances.
- The presence of impurities in water affects the intermolecular forces between water molecules.
- Impurities can increase the boiling point of water by increasing the strength of the attractive forces between water molecules.
- As a result, it requires more energy (higher temperature) to break these stronger intermolecular forces and reach the boiling point.
3. **Boiling Point Elevation:**
- The increase in the boiling point of a solvent, such as water, due to the presence of solute particles is known as boiling point elevation.
- The extent of boiling point elevation depends on the concentration of the impurities.
- In this case, the impurities present in the water sample have caused the boiling point to increase to 102°C, which is 2°C higher than the boiling point of pure water.
Therefore, both the assertion and the reason are correct. The presence of impurities in water can alter its boiling point, leading to a higher boiling point than that of pure water.
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