**Phanerogams:**

Phanerogams are a group of plants that produce seeds for reproduction. They are also known as seed plants. Gymnosperms and angiosperms are two major divisions of phanerogams.

**Gymnosperms:**

Gymnosperms are a group of seed plants that do not produce flowers or fruits. The term "gymnosperm" means naked seed, indicating that the seeds of these plants are not enclosed within a fruit. They are the oldest known seed plants and have been around for over 300 million years. Gymnosperms include plants such as conifers (pine, spruce, fir), cycads, ginkgo, and gnetophytes.

Gymnosperms have several unique characteristics:
1. Naked Seeds: The seeds of gymnosperms are not enclosed within a protective fruit. Instead, they are exposed on the surface of cones or other structures.
2. Cones: Gymnosperms produce cones as their reproductive structures. These cones contain reproductive organs such as male and female cones. Male cones produce pollen, which is transferred to the female cones for fertilization.
3. Evergreen: Most gymnosperms are evergreen, meaning they retain their leaves throughout the year. This adaptation allows them to survive in harsh environments and continue photosynthesis during winter.

**Angiosperms:**

Angiosperms are a group of seed plants that produce flowers and fruits. They are the most diverse group of plants on Earth and include flowering plants such as trees, shrubs, and herbs. Angiosperms have several unique characteristics:
1. Flowers: Angiosperms produce flowers as their reproductive structures. Flowers are modified leaves that contain reproductive organs such as male stamens and female pistils. The flowers attract pollinators, such as bees and butterflies, for pollination.
2. Fruits: After pollination and fertilization, angiosperms develop fruits. Fruits are mature ovaries that contain seeds. They serve as a protective covering for the seeds and aid in seed dispersal by animals.
3. Broad Leaves: Unlike gymnosperms, most angiosperms have broad leaves. This adaptation allows them to capture sunlight more efficiently for photosynthesis.

**Conclusion:**

Gymnosperms and angiosperms are both included in the category of phanerogams because they are seed plants that produce seeds for reproduction. While gymnosperms do not produce flowers or fruits and have naked seeds, angiosperms produce flowers and fruits, making them the most diverse and advanced group of plants.