Explanation:
Statistical data can be collected either through a complete enumeration of the entire population, known as a census inquiry, or through a partial enumeration known as a sample inquiry.

Census Inquiry:
- A census inquiry involves collecting data from every member of the population of interest.
- This method provides a complete and accurate picture of the population.
- However, conducting a census can be time-consuming, costly, and impractical for large populations.

Sample Inquiry:
- A sample inquiry involves collecting data from a subset of the population, known as a sample.
- The sample is carefully selected to be representative of the larger population.
- By collecting data from a sample, statisticians can estimate population parameters with a certain level of precision.
- This method is more practical and cost-effective compared to a census inquiry, especially when dealing with large populations.

Advantages of Sample Inquiry:
1. Cost-effective: Collecting data from a sample is generally less expensive than conducting a census inquiry, as it requires fewer resources.
2. Time-saving: Collecting data from a sample can be completed more quickly than conducting a census inquiry, which may take a significant amount of time.
3. Feasibility: Collecting data from an entire population may not be feasible in certain cases, especially when the population is large or geographically dispersed.
4. Accuracy: With appropriate sampling techniques, data collected from a sample can provide accurate estimates of population parameters.

Disadvantages of Sample Inquiry:
1. Sampling Error: Since data is collected from a subset of the population, there is always a possibility of sampling error, which refers to the discrepancy between sample statistics and population parameters.
2. Representativeness: The accuracy of estimates depends on the sample being representative of the population. If the sample is not representative, the resulting estimates may be biased.
3. Generalizability: While sample data can provide insights into the population, the generalizability of the findings may be limited to the specific population under study.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, statistical data can be collected either through a complete enumeration (census inquiry) or a partial enumeration (sample inquiry). While a census inquiry provides a complete and accurate picture of the population, a sample inquiry is a more practical and cost-effective approach that can provide accurate estimates of population parameters. However, sample inquiries are subject to sampling error and depend on the representativeness of the sample.