The Indian Independence Movement

The Indian independence movement was a long and arduous struggle against British colonial rule in India. It was a multifaceted movement that involved various forms of protests, demonstrations, non-violent resistance, and civil disobedience. The movement gained momentum in the early 20th century and eventually led to India's independence.

The Role of Mahatma Gandhi

Mahatma Gandhi, also known as the Father of the Indian Nation, played a crucial role in the Indian independence movement. He advocated for non-violent civil disobedience and launched several mass movements, such as the Salt March and the Quit India Movement, which galvanized the Indian population against British rule. His philosophy of truth, non-violence, and self-reliance inspired millions of Indians to actively participate in the struggle for independence.

The Mountbatten Plan

In the aftermath of World War II, the British government realized that it was no longer feasible to maintain control over India. Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of India, was appointed to oversee the transfer of power. The Mountbatten Plan proposed the partition of India into two separate countries – India and Pakistan. This plan was accepted by the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League.

Indian Independence Act 1947

On August 15, 1947, the Indian Independence Act was passed by the British Parliament, marking the culmination of the Indian independence movement. This act granted complete independence to India and Pakistan, allowing them to govern themselves as separate nations. India became a sovereign democratic republic, while Pakistan became a separate Muslim-majority country.

The Answer: 1947 (Option B)

Therefore, the correct answer to the question is option B, 1947. This is the year when India finally gained independence from British rule. The Indian Independence Act of 1947 effectively ended nearly 200 years of British colonial rule in India and marked the beginning of a new era for the Indian subcontinent.