Introduction:
Identifying the main idea or theme of a passage is crucial for understanding the overall message and purpose of the text. This skill is particularly important in the Reading section of the IELTS exam. By following a systematic approach, you can quickly grasp the main idea or theme of a passage.

Strategies to identify the main idea or theme:

1. Skim the passage: Start by skimming the passage to get an overall sense of the topic, structure, and tone. Pay attention to the headings, subheadings, and the first and last sentences of each paragraph.

2. Focus on the topic sentence: Each paragraph typically begins with a topic sentence that introduces the main idea. Identify the topic sentence in each paragraph to understand the main point being made.

3. Identify supporting details: Look for supporting details that provide evidence or examples related to the main idea. These details help to strengthen and clarify the central message.

4. Consider the tone: Pay attention to the tone, or the author's attitude, towards the topic. The tone can provide insights into the main idea or theme of the passage. For example, if the tone is critical, the main idea might be a problem or issue being discussed.

5. Look for repetition: If certain words, phrases, or ideas are repeated throughout the passage, it is likely that they are central to the main idea or theme.

6. Consider the overall structure: Evaluate the overall structure of the passage. Are there any patterns, comparisons, or contrasts being made? Understanding the structure can help you identify the main idea or theme.

7. Summarize: Once you have analyzed the passage, try to summarize the main idea or theme in your own words. This will help you consolidate your understanding and ensure you have grasped the central message.

Conclusion:
Identifying the main idea or theme of a passage in the Reading section of the IELTS exam is a skill that can be developed through practice. By employing these strategies and staying focused, you can quickly and accurately determine the main idea or theme, enhancing your overall reading comprehension abilities.