Formula of hydrochoric acid is HCl.
H~hydrogen
Cl ~belongs to chlorine
H and C must be in capital letter and l of chlorine is mainly not written in capital letter

Formula of Hydrochloric Acid

Hydrochloric acid, commonly known as muriatic acid, is a strong, highly corrosive acid with the formula HCl. It is composed of hydrogen (H) and chlorine (Cl) atoms, with a single covalent bond between them.

Composition of Hydrochloric Acid
- Hydrogen (H): Hydrogen is a chemical element with the atomic number 1. It is the lightest and most abundant element in the universe. In hydrochloric acid, one hydrogen atom is present.
- Chlorine (Cl): Chlorine is a chemical element with the atomic number 17. It is a yellowish-green gas and a strong oxidizing agent. In hydrochloric acid, one chlorine atom is present.

Chemical Formula of Hydrochloric Acid
The chemical formula of hydrochloric acid is HCl. It represents the molecular composition of the acid, indicating that it consists of one hydrogen atom bonded to one chlorine atom. The formula can also be interpreted as one part hydrogen and one part chlorine.

Formation of Hydrochloric Acid
Hydrochloric acid is formed when hydrogen chloride gas (HCl) dissolves in water (H₂O), resulting in the ionization of HCl molecules into hydrogen ions (H⁺) and chloride ions (Cl⁻). The chemical equation for the formation of hydrochloric acid can be represented as follows:

HCl(g) + H₂O(l) → H₃O⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq)

The hydrogen ions (H₃O⁺) give hydrochloric acid its acidic properties, making it a strong acid with a low pH value.

Physical and Chemical Properties
- Hydrochloric acid is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor.
- It has a strong corrosive nature and can cause severe burns.
- It is highly soluble in water, releasing hydrogen ions that make it acidic.
- Hydrochloric acid reacts with metals to produce metal chlorides and hydrogen gas.
- It reacts with bases to form salts and water.
- It can decompose certain compounds, such as carbonates, releasing carbon dioxide gas.

Applications of Hydrochloric Acid
Hydrochloric acid has numerous applications in various industries and processes. Some of its common uses include:
- As a laboratory reagent for pH adjustment and chemical analysis.
- In the production of PVC (polyvinyl chloride) and other plastics.
- For pickling and cleaning metals to remove rust, scale, and oxides.
- In the food industry for pH control and food processing.
- In the production of pharmaceuticals, dyes, and fertilizers.

In conclusion, the formula of hydrochloric acid is HCl, representing its composition of one hydrogen atom and one chlorine atom. It is a highly corrosive acid with various applications in different industries.