Topics covered in Mathematics for Class 11 Commerce:
1. Sets and Functions:
- Sets: Introduction to sets, types of sets, operations on sets, Venn diagrams, cardinality of sets.
- Relations and Functions: Types of relations, composition of functions, inverse functions.
2. Algebra:
- Principle of Mathematical Induction: Introduction, the principle of mathematical induction, applications.
- Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations: Complex numbers, algebra of complex numbers, quadratic equations.
- Linear Inequalities: Linear inequalities in one variable and two variables, graphical representation of linear inequalities.
- Permutations and Combinations: Fundamental principle of counting, permutations, combinations.
- Binomial Theorem: Binomial theorem for positive integral indices, general term, middle term, binomial coefficient.
- Sequences and Series: Arithmetic progressions (AP), geometric progressions (GP), arithmetic mean (AM), geometric mean (GM).
3. Coordinate Geometry:
- Straight Lines: Slope-intercept form, point-slope form, two-point form, intercept form, normal form, perpendicular distance.
- Conic Sections: Circles, parabola, ellipse, hyperbola.
4. Calculus:
- Limits and Derivatives: Limits, continuity, derivatives, rules of differentiation, derivatives of trigonometric, exponential, and logarithmic functions.
- Applications of Derivatives: Rate of change, increasing and decreasing functions, tangents and normals, maxima and minima.
- Integrals: Integration as an inverse process of differentiation, definite and indefinite integrals, properties of integrals.
5. Statistics and Probability:
- Statistics: Measures of dispersion, mean deviation, variance, standard deviation, coefficient of variation.
- Probability: Probability of an event, addition and multiplication theorems, conditional probability, independent events.
6. Mathematical Reasoning:
- Mathematical Reasoning: Introduction to mathematical reasoning, statements, negation, conjunction, disjunction, implication, converse, contrapositive, valid reasoning.
These topics are covered in Mathematics for Class 11 Commerce to provide a solid foundation in mathematical concepts and problem-solving skills. The curriculum aims to enhance the students' logical thinking and analytical abilities, which are essential for various commerce-related fields such as accounting, economics, finance, and business management.