Experiments and Case Studies for Science-based Subjects in the UGC NET Exam

There are several experiments and case studies that can be focused on for science-based subjects in the UGC NET Exam. These experiments and case studies are often used to test the knowledge and understanding of candidates in various scientific disciplines. Here are some examples:

1. Millikan's Oil Drop Experiment:
- This experiment conducted by Robert A. Millikan in 1909 determined the charge of an electron.
- It involved observing the motion of charged oil droplets in an electric field and measuring their terminal velocity.
- The data obtained from this experiment provided a way to calculate the charge of an electron.

2. Mendel's Pea Plant Experiment:
- Gregor Mendel's experiments on pea plants in the mid-19th century laid the foundation for the field of genetics.
- By cross-breeding different varieties of pea plants and studying the inheritance patterns of traits, Mendel discovered the principles of dominant and recessive traits, as well as the concept of genetic inheritance.

3. Watson and Crick's DNA Structure Discovery:
- In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick proposed the double helix structure of DNA, which revolutionized the understanding of genetics.
- Their discovery was based on X-ray crystallography data from Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins, as well as their own modeling and experimentation.

4. Pavlov's Classical Conditioning Experiment:
- Ivan Pavlov's experiments with dogs in the late 19th century demonstrated classical conditioning, a form of learning.
- Pavlov conditioned dogs to associate a specific stimulus (such as a ringing bell) with a reflex response (such as salivation).
- This experiment showed that animals can learn to associate neutral stimuli with reflex responses through repeated pairings.

5. Milgram's Obedience Experiment:
- Stanley Milgram's controversial experiment in the 1960s examined obedience to authority figures.
- Participants were instructed to administer electric shocks to another person (a confederate) when they answered questions incorrectly.
- The study showed that individuals were willing to administer potentially harmful shocks under the influence of an authoritative figure.

These experiments and case studies are important in the field of science and are often included in the UGC NET Exam to assess candidates' understanding of scientific principles and their ability to critically analyze experimental data. It is advisable for candidates to study and familiarize themselves with these experiments and case studies to enhance their chances of success in the exam.