Introduction:
The largest city situated on the banks of the river Ganga is Kanpur. This answer is supported by its geographical location and population size.

Geographical Location:
Kanpur is located in the northern state of Uttar Pradesh, India. It is situated on the southern bank of the river Ganga. The city is positioned between the cities of Lucknow and Allahabad.

Population Size:
Kanpur is one of the most populous cities in India. According to the census conducted in 2011, the population of Kanpur was approximately 2.9 million. Over the years, the population has increased significantly, and it is estimated to be over 3 million currently.

Importance of the Ganga River:
The Ganga River holds immense religious, cultural, and historical significance in India. It is considered sacred by Hindus and is worshipped as the goddess Ganga. The river is also a lifeline for millions of people who depend on it for various purposes, including irrigation, transportation, and religious rituals.

Kanpur's Connection with the Ganga River:
Being situated on the banks of the Ganga River, Kanpur has a close connection with the river. The river provides a source of water for the city's residents and industries. Additionally, the Ganga is an important waterway for transportation, and Kanpur has a major industrial center with numerous factories and mills located near the riverbanks.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, Kanpur is the largest city situated on the banks of the river Ganga. Its geographical location and large population make it a significant city in the Ganga river basin. The Ganga River holds immense importance in India, and Kanpur benefits from its proximity to the river in terms of water supply, transportation, and industrial development.