The main occupation of the people of the Indus Valley Civilization was Agriculture.

The Indus Valley Civilization, also known as the Harappan Civilization, was one of the earliest urban civilizations in the world, flourishing around 2500 BCE in the region of present-day Pakistan and northwest India. Agriculture played a vital role in the development and sustenance of this ancient civilization.

Agricultural Practices:
- The people of the Indus Valley Civilization were skilled farmers who cultivated a variety of crops. They cultivated wheat, barley, rice, peas, sesame, and cotton.
- They practiced both rain-fed and canal irrigation agriculture. The fertile floodplains of the Indus River and its tributaries provided the necessary water supply for their crops.
- The Indus Valley people developed advanced techniques for water management. They built sophisticated systems of canals and reservoirs to control and distribute water for irrigation. This allowed them to grow crops even in areas with limited rainfall.
- The rich alluvial soil of the Indus Valley was highly suitable for agriculture. The farmers utilized the fertile soil to achieve high agricultural productivity.

Evidence of Agricultural Activities:
- Archaeological excavations have uncovered numerous agricultural tools and implements, including plows, sickles, and hoes. These tools indicate the importance of agriculture in their daily lives.
- The discovery of granaries in Harappan cities suggests that surplus agricultural produce was stored for future use or trade.
- The presence of terracotta figurines depicting farmers engaged in various agricultural activities further emphasizes the significance of agriculture in their civilization.

Impact on Society:
- Agriculture formed the economic foundation of the Indus Valley Civilization. The surplus agricultural production supported the growth of urban centers and trade networks.
- The availability of food surplus allowed for the specialization of labor. This led to the emergence of diverse occupations such as craftsmen, merchants, and administrators.
- The development of agricultural practices and food surplus also contributed to the overall prosperity and stability of the civilization.

Overall, agriculture was the primary occupation of the people of the Indus Valley Civilization. Their advanced techniques and reliance on farming played a crucial role in the growth and success of this ancient civilization.