President

1Nominal Head of the Country. Head of all independent constitutional bodies (Executive+Parliament+Defence). He rules the country indirectly through his executive and other appointed officials.

2President appoints the all members of his executive i.e. Prime Minister and Council of Minister, but all the executive power vested in ‘President’ are exercised by ‘Prime Minister’ and ‘Council of Minister’.

3President is responsible for wide range of appointments. Appointment of all Government officials (All officer in Class-I Grade), Office of Election Commission of India, Auditor and comptroller general of India, Attorney General, Chairman of UPSC and constitutional independent bodies are done in the name of President.

4President is Integral part of Parliament along with Lok-sabha and Rajya-sabha.

5President has authority to summons and prorogue both the houses of the parliament. He can dissolve the Lok-sabha.

6President has power to appoint 12 members of Rajya Sabha and 2 members of Lok Sabha.

7All the bills need the assent of the President before becoming a law.

8President has got power for appointment of CJI, CJ’s of all high courts and other Judges of SC/HC.

9President has got pardoning power. He can pardon any type of sentence. (This function he can perform independent to the advice of Prime Minister and Council of Minister).

10All the international treaties and agreements are performed in the name of President.

11President has power to declare National Emergency, State Emergency and Financial Emergency.

Prime Minister-

1Functional Head of the Executive (Government).

2Head of the actual executive of the country i.e. ‘Council of Minister’.

3Prime Minister and Council of Minister is responsible to the Parliament for all its function.

4Majority of the functions are performed by President on the advice of ‘Prime Minister’ and ‘Council of Minister’ (Thus real executive power lies with PM and Council of Minister). President is bound to follow the advice of Prime Minister and Council of Minister.

5Prime Minister enjoys the confidence of majority in Lok Sabha. He nominates the names of persons for ‘Council of Ministers’ which latter appointed by President.

Powers of prime minister :

1. He chairs cabinet meetings.

2. He co ordinates the work of different departments.

3. His decisions are find in case disagreements arise between departments.

4. He exercises general supervision of different ministries.

5. All ministers work under his leadership.

6. The prime minister distributes and redistributes work to do ministries.

7. He also has the power to dismiss ministries.

8. When the prime minister quits, the entire ministry quits.




Powers of president :

1. The president is the head of the state.

2. In India, president exercises only nominal powers.

3. President appoints the prime minister.

4. All government activities take place in the name of the president.

5. All laws and major policy decisions of the government are issued in his name.

6. All major appointments are made in the name of president.

7. These include the appointment of the chief justice of India, the judges of the supreme courts and the high courts of the states, the governors of the states, the election commissioners, ambassadors to other countries etc.

8. All international treaties and arguments are made in the name of the president.

9. The president is the supreme commander of the defence force of India.

10. A Bill passed by the Parliament become a law only after the president gives assent to it.

11. The president exercises all these powers only on the advice of the prime minister and Council of ministers.

Thank you. Hope it helps..