Before Pangea Broke:

➢ Continental Drift:
Before the breakup of Pangea, all the continents were connected as one large supercontinent. This supercontinent, known as Pangea, existed around 300 million years ago. India was a part of this supercontinent.

➢ Gondwana Supercontinent:
India was located in the southern hemisphere as a part of the Gondwana supercontinent. Gondwana included present-day India, Africa, South America, Australia, and Antarctica.

➢ Geographical Conditions:
- India was situated near the South Pole, experiencing a cold climate due to its high latitude.
- The landmass was covered with thick ice sheets, making it unfavorable for habitation.
- The region had a diverse range of flora and fauna adapted to the cold climate.

After the Breakup of Pangea:

➢ Continental Drift:
Around 200 million years ago, the supercontinent Pangea started breaking apart due to tectonic plate movements. As a result, India began to drift away from Gondwana and move towards the north.

➢ Collision with Asia:
Approximately 50 million years ago, India collided with the Asian continent. This collision led to the formation of the Himalayan mountain range. The Indian Plate, carrying the landmass of India, pushed against the Eurasian Plate, resulting in the uplift of the Himalayas.

➢ Geographical Conditions:
- The collision between India and Asia caused significant geological changes in the region.
- The Himalayas, the youngest and tallest mountain range in the world, were formed.
- The collision also led to the formation of several other mountain ranges, such as the Karakoram, Hindu Kush, and Pamir ranges.
- India's climate changed from a cold to a warm and tropical climate due to its movement towards the equator.
- The collision also resulted in the formation of the Indo-Gangetic Plain, a fertile region known for its agricultural productivity.

Conclusion:
The breakup of Pangea and the subsequent collision between India and Asia had a profound impact on the geographical conditions of India. It transformed the cold, icy landmass into a warm and tropical region and led to the formation of the majestic Himalayan mountain range. These changes have played a significant role in shaping India's landscape, climate, and ecosystems.