Factors responsible for the spread of Buddhism and Jainism:

1. Social and Economic Conditions: The social and economic conditions prevailing during the time of the emergence of Buddhism and Jainism greatly contributed to their spread. The caste system, which was prevalent in ancient India, created a lot of social inequalities and injustices. Buddhism and Jainism offered a way out of this oppressive system and attracted a large number of followers.

2. Teachings and Philosophy: The teachings and philosophy of Buddhism and Jainism were very different from the dominant Brahmanical religion of Hinduism. Both religions emphasized the importance of non-violence, compassion, and the pursuit of personal salvation. These teachings attracted people who were dissatisfied with the rigid and complex rituals of Hinduism.

3. Role of Kings and Emperors: The support of kings and emperors played a significant role in the spread of Buddhism and Jainism. Emperor Ashoka of the Maurya dynasty played a crucial role in the spread of Buddhism by promoting it throughout his empire and sending Buddhist missionaries to other parts of Asia. Similarly, many other kings and rulers patronized Jainism and helped spread its teachings.

4. Trade and Commerce: Trade and commerce played a significant role in the spread of Buddhism and Jainism. The merchants who traveled to different parts of the world for trade purposes acted as carriers of these religions. The merchants also built temples and monasteries in the areas they visited and spread the teachings of these religions.

5. Monastic Orders: The monastic orders of Buddhism and Jainism played a crucial role in the spread of these religions. The monks and nuns traveled far and wide, spreading the teachings of their respective religions. They also established monasteries and temples, which became centers of learning and attracted more followers.

In conclusion, the spread of Buddhism and Jainism was the result of various factors that contributed to their popularity. These religions provided an alternative to the caste system, emphasized the importance of non-violence and compassion, and were supported by kings and emperors. The role of trade and commerce, as well as the monastic orders, also played a significant role in spreading these religions.

The main cause for the rise of Jainism and Buddhism is given below:-Earlier,Vedic religion was simple but gradually it's rules became very rigid.So , people longed for a simple religion.