Political Executive:
The political executive refers to the branch of government that is responsible for making and implementing policies and decisions. It consists of individuals who hold political positions and are elected or appointed to their roles. The political executive is primarily concerned with the day-to-day governance of the country and is accountable to the people.

Permanent Executive:
The permanent executive, also known as the civil service or bureaucracy, comprises the administrative machinery of the government. It consists of individuals who hold permanent positions and are responsible for implementing the policies and decisions made by the political executive. The permanent executive is a non-political entity and is expected to provide impartial and efficient services to the government.

Differences:
The political executive and the permanent executive differ in various aspects, which are outlined below:

1. Appointment: The political executive is appointed through elections or appointments made by elected representatives, such as the President, Prime Minister, or Cabinet. In contrast, the permanent executive is selected through a competitive examination process and is appointed based on merit and qualifications.

2. Political Affiliation: The political executive is associated with political parties and represents their interests. They are responsible for formulating policies and making decisions based on their party's ideology. On the other hand, the permanent executive is non-political and is expected to provide neutral and unbiased advice to the political executive.

3. Accountability: The political executive is directly accountable to the people through elections and can be removed from office if they fail to fulfill their responsibilities. In contrast, the permanent executive is accountable to the political executive and is subject to administrative procedures for any misconduct or inefficiency.

4. Policy Making: The political executive is primarily responsible for formulating policies and making decisions. They take into account various factors such as public opinion, political considerations, and national interests. The permanent executive assists in the policy-making process by providing technical expertise and administrative support.

5. Duration of Service: The political executive serves for a fixed term, which is determined by the constitution or electoral process. In contrast, the permanent executive serves for a longer duration and provides continuity in governance, irrespective of the change in political leadership.

Overall, the political executive focuses on political leadership, policy formulation, and decision-making, while the permanent executive ensures the implementation and smooth functioning of government policies. Both branches are essential for effective governance and complement each other in their respective roles.