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For ethanol-water system, the lowering of distillate quality from 95% to 92% will cause __________ plate requirement.
- a)no change in theoretical
- b)marginal decrease in the number of
- c)major decrease in the number of
- d)none of these
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Most Upvoted Answer
For ethanol-water system, the lowering of distillate quality from 95% ...
Explanation:
In a distillation column, the number of theoretical plates required to achieve a desired separation depends on the relative volatility of the components being separated. The relative volatility is defined as the ratio of vapor pressures of the more volatile component to the less volatile component.
Effect of lowering distillate quality:
Lowering the distillate quality from 95% to 92% means that the purity of the distillate product has decreased. This implies that the concentration of the more volatile component (ethanol) in the distillate has decreased, while the concentration of the less volatile component (water) has increased.
Effect of changing relative volatility:
The relative volatility between ethanol and water remains unchanged when the distillate quality changes. Therefore, the change in distillate quality does not directly affect the theoretical plate requirement.
Effect of decreasing ethanol concentration in distillate:
When the distillate quality is lowered, the concentration of ethanol in the distillate decreases. As a result, the driving force for separation decreases, leading to a decrease in the overall separation efficiency of the distillation column.
Effect on number of plates:
To compensate for the decrease in separation efficiency, the number of theoretical plates required in the column needs to be increased. This is because more plates are needed to achieve the same degree of separation when the driving force is reduced.
Conclusion:
Therefore, the lowering of distillate quality from 95% to 92% will cause a marginal decrease in the number of theoretical plates required in the distillation column. However, it should be noted that the specific decrease in plate requirement depends on various factors such as feed composition, reflux ratio, and column design.
In a distillation column, the number of theoretical plates required to achieve a desired separation depends on the relative volatility of the components being separated. The relative volatility is defined as the ratio of vapor pressures of the more volatile component to the less volatile component.
Effect of lowering distillate quality:
Lowering the distillate quality from 95% to 92% means that the purity of the distillate product has decreased. This implies that the concentration of the more volatile component (ethanol) in the distillate has decreased, while the concentration of the less volatile component (water) has increased.
Effect of changing relative volatility:
The relative volatility between ethanol and water remains unchanged when the distillate quality changes. Therefore, the change in distillate quality does not directly affect the theoretical plate requirement.
Effect of decreasing ethanol concentration in distillate:
When the distillate quality is lowered, the concentration of ethanol in the distillate decreases. As a result, the driving force for separation decreases, leading to a decrease in the overall separation efficiency of the distillation column.
Effect on number of plates:
To compensate for the decrease in separation efficiency, the number of theoretical plates required in the column needs to be increased. This is because more plates are needed to achieve the same degree of separation when the driving force is reduced.
Conclusion:
Therefore, the lowering of distillate quality from 95% to 92% will cause a marginal decrease in the number of theoretical plates required in the distillation column. However, it should be noted that the specific decrease in plate requirement depends on various factors such as feed composition, reflux ratio, and column design.
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