Various Rights Enjoyed by a Citizen in Modern State

Fundamental Rights:
- Fundamental rights are the basic rights and freedoms that every citizen is entitled to in a modern state.
- These rights are enshrined in the constitution and are meant to protect individual liberties and promote equality.
- Fundamental rights include the right to equality, right to freedom of speech and expression, right to life and personal liberty, right to freedom of religion, right to protection from discrimination, and right to property.

Right to Equality:
- Every citizen has the right to equality before the law and equal protection of the law.
- This means that no person can be discriminated against on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.
- Citizens have the right to equal opportunities in public employment and appointments to public offices.
- The state is also obligated to promote social, economic, and political equality among its citizens.

Right to Freedom:
- Citizens have the right to freedom of speech and expression, which includes the freedom to express opinions, ideas, and beliefs.
- They also have the right to assemble peacefully and without arms, the right to form associations and unions, and the right to move freely throughout the country.
- The right to practice any profession, occupation, trade, or business is also protected.
- However, reasonable restrictions can be imposed on these rights in the interest of public order, morality, or the sovereignty and integrity of the country.

Right to Life and Personal Liberty:
- Every citizen has the right to life and personal liberty, which cannot be violated except according to the procedure established by law.
- This means that no person can be deprived of their life or personal liberty except in accordance with the law.
- Citizens also have the right to protection from arbitrary arrest and detention.
- The state is responsible for ensuring the safety and security of its citizens.

Right to Freedom of Religion:
- Citizens have the right to freedom of religion, which includes the freedom to profess, practice, and propagate any religion.
- They also have the right to manage religious affairs, establish and maintain religious institutions, and provide religious instruction to their children.
- However, the state can regulate or restrict religious practices in the interest of public order, health, or morality.

Right to Protection from Discrimination:
- Citizens have the right to protection from discrimination on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.
- The state is obligated to promote equality and prohibit untouchability and any form of discrimination.
- Citizens also have the right to seek legal remedies in case of discrimination.

Right to Property:
- The right to property is a fundamental right that is protected by the constitution.
- However, this right is not an absolute right and can be restricted or regulated by the state.
- The state can acquire private property for public purposes, subject to payment of compensation.

Overall, the various rights enjoyed by citizens in a modern state are essential for the protection of individual liberties, promotion of equality, and the overall well-being of society.