Answer:

The use of high yields with combinations of HYV (High Yielding Varieties) seeds, irrigation, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, etc. refers to modern cropping. Let's understand the concept in detail:

1. Modern Cropping:
Modern cropping refers to the use of advanced techniques and inputs to maximize crop production. It involves the use of high-yielding varieties (HYV) of seeds, along with irrigation, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and other modern agricultural practices. This approach aims to increase crop yields by optimizing the use of resources and reducing the impact of pests, diseases, and environmental factors. The combination of HYV seeds, irrigation, chemical fertilizers, and pesticides is characteristic of modern cropping.

2. High Yielding Varieties (HYV) Seeds:
High Yielding Varieties (HYV) seeds are plant varieties that have been bred or genetically modified to produce higher yields compared to traditional varieties. These seeds are developed through careful selection and breeding techniques to enhance desirable traits such as disease resistance, drought tolerance, and high productivity. By using HYV seeds, farmers can significantly increase their crop yields.

3. Irrigation:
Irrigation is the process of providing water to crops artificially when there is insufficient rainfall or when the natural water supply is inadequate. Proper irrigation ensures that crops receive the required amount of water at the right time, allowing them to grow and develop optimally. It is an essential component of modern cropping as it enables farmers to extend the growing season, reduce the risk of crop failure, and increase overall productivity.

4. Chemical Fertilizers:
Chemical fertilizers are synthetic substances that provide essential nutrients to plants to support their growth and development. These fertilizers contain a balanced combination of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium along with other trace elements necessary for plant nutrition. By using chemical fertilizers, farmers can provide plants with the necessary nutrients in a readily available form, promoting healthy growth and maximizing crop yields.

5. Pesticides:
Pesticides are chemical substances used to control pests, including insects, weeds, and diseases that can damage crops. By using pesticides, farmers can protect their crops from pest infestations and diseases, reducing yield losses and ensuring better crop quality. Pesticides are an integral part of modern cropping practices as they help farmers maintain crop health and productivity.

In conclusion, the use of high yields with combinations of HYV seeds, irrigation, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, etc. is characteristic of modern cropping. This approach aims to optimize crop production by employing advanced techniques and inputs to maximize yields and protect crops from pests and diseases.

The use of high yields with combinations of HYV (High Yielding Varieties) seeds, irrigation, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, etc. refers to modern cropping.

Modern cropping refers to the adoption of improved agricultural practices that maximize crop yields. It involves the use of advanced techniques and technologies to increase productivity and efficiency in agriculture. The use of high-yielding varieties (HYV) of seeds, along with irrigation, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and other inputs, is a key component of modern cropping.

Explanation:

1. High Yielding Varieties (HYV) seeds:
High Yielding Varieties (HYV) seeds are developed through scientific breeding methods. These seeds have been selectively bred to produce higher yields compared to traditional varieties. They possess desirable traits such as disease resistance, improved nutritional content, and higher tolerance to environmental stresses. The use of HYV seeds helps to increase crop productivity significantly.

2. Irrigation:
Irrigation is the artificial application of water to crops. It is used to supplement natural rainfall and ensure that crops receive adequate water for their growth and development. Irrigation plays a crucial role in modern cropping as it helps in optimizing crop yields by providing moisture when rainfall is insufficient or irregular.

3. Chemical fertilizers:
Chemical fertilizers are synthetic substances that contain essential nutrients required for plant growth. They are used to replenish soil nutrients and enhance crop productivity. Chemical fertilizers provide plants with a readily available source of nutrients, promoting healthy growth and higher yields.

4. Pesticides:
Pesticides are substances used to control pests, diseases, and weeds that can damage crops. They help in protecting crops from insect infestations, fungal infections, and weed competition. The use of pesticides in modern cropping practices ensures healthier crops, reduced yield losses, and improved overall productivity.

Modern cropping:
Modern cropping involves the integration of various agricultural practices and technologies to maximize crop yields. It focuses on increasing productivity, reducing losses, and improving the overall efficiency of agricultural systems. The combination of HYV seeds, irrigation, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and other inputs is characteristic of modern cropping. These practices have revolutionized agriculture by significantly increasing crop yields and contributing to food security.

In conclusion, the use of high yields with combinations of HYV seeds, irrigation, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, etc. refers to modern cropping. This approach has transformed agriculture by adopting advanced techniques and technologies to achieve higher productivity and ensure food sufficiency.